Question 1

Which of the following best explains why simple squamous epithelium is found lining the alveoli of the lungs and capillaries?

Accepted Answer

Its single layer of flat cells allows for rapid diffusion of gases and nutrients.

Question 2

A patient presents with a burn that is red, painful, and has blisters. Which degree of burn is most likely present, and what layers of skin are affected?

Accepted Answer

Second-degree burn; epidermis and part of the dermis are affected.

Question 3

Which structural feature distinguishes pseudostratified columnar epithelium from simple columnar epithelium?

Accepted Answer

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium appears to have multiple layers due to nuclei at different heights, but all cells touch the basement membrane.

Question 4

Which of the following is a function of transitional epithelium, and where is it primarily found?

Accepted Answer

Stretching to accommodate fluctuation in volume; lining the urinary bladder.

Question 5

A gland that releases its product by exocytosis without damaging the cell is classified as which type of gland?

Accepted Answer

Merocrine gland

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the basement membrane in epithelial tissue?

Accepted Answer

A noncellular structure composed of glycoproteins and reticular fibers that anchors the epithelium to underlying connective tissue.

Question 7

Which of the following is a key difference between endocrine and exocrine glands?

Accepted Answer

Endocrine glands secrete hormones into the bloodstream, while exocrine glands secrete products onto body surfaces or into body cavities via ducts.

Question 8

A tissue sample under the microscope shows multiple layers of flat cells at the surface and cuboidal or columnar cells at the base. What is the most likely identity of this tissue?

Accepted Answer

Stratified squamous epithelium

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why the skin is particularly susceptible to cancer?

Accepted Answer

The skin is constantly exposed to environmental factors such as UV radiation, which can damage DNA in epithelial cells.

Question 10

A patient has a mole that is asymmetrical, has irregular borders, and has changed color and size. According to the ABCD method, what is the most likely concern?

Accepted Answer

The mole may be a sign of malignant melanoma and should be evaluated by a healthcare professional.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the function of cilia on pseudostratified columnar epithelial cells in the respiratory tract?

Accepted Answer

They sweep mucus and trapped particles out of the airways.

Question 12

Which of the following equations correctly represents the calculation of the percentage of body surface area burned using the Rule of Nines?

Accepted Answer

$$Total\ burned\ area\ (\%) = \sum_{i=1}^{n} Area_i\ (\%)$$

Question 13

Which of the following is a characteristic of epithelial tissue that distinguishes it from connective tissue?

Accepted Answer

Epithelial tissue is composed of closely packed cells with little extracellular matrix.

Question 14

A glandular epithelial cell releases its product by accumulating it at the apex, pinching off a portion of the cell, and then breaking down. What type of secretion is this?

Accepted Answer

Apocrine secretion

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why stratified squamous epithelium is found in areas subject to abrasion, such as the skin and esophagus?

Accepted Answer

Its multiple layers provide protection against mechanical stress and friction.

Question 16

Which of the following statements about burns is correct?

Accepted Answer

Second-degree burns involve the epidermis and part of the dermis and typically result in blisters.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the function of microvilli on epithelial cells lining the small intestine?

Accepted Answer

They increase surface area to enhance absorption of nutrients.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct pairing of tissue type and its primary function?

Accepted Answer

Connective tissue: supports, protects, and binds other tissues together

Question 19

A biopsy reveals a gland with ducts that branch and secretory units that are round (alveolar). How would this gland be classified?

Accepted Answer

Compound alveolar gland

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why the epidermis is avascular?

Accepted Answer

Nutrients diffuse from blood vessels in the underlying connective tissue to nourish the avascular epithelial cells.

Tissue: The Living Fabric – Introduction to the Four Major Tissue Types

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