Question 1

Which of the following best describes the role of negative feedback in maintaining homeostasis in the human body?

Accepted Answer

It reverses deviations from the normal set point to restore balance.

Question 2

A patient presents with swelling in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen. Which organ is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Appendix

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the difference between facilitated diffusion and active transport across the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Facilitated diffusion uses carrier proteins to move substances down their concentration gradient without energy input.

Question 4

Which equation correctly represents the calculation of pH in a solution?

Accepted Answer

$$pH = -\log_{10}[H^+]$$

Question 5

A red blood cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. What is the most likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

The cell will swell and may burst due to water influx.

Question 6

Which of the following is a function of the serous membrane surrounding the lungs?

Accepted Answer

It reduces friction between the lungs and thoracic wall during breathing.

Question 7

Which type of chemical bond is formed when electrons are transferred from one atom to another, resulting in oppositely charged ions?

Accepted Answer

Ionic bond

Question 8

Which organelle is primarily responsible for ATP production in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 9

A solution has a hydrogen ion concentration of $$1 	imes 10$$^{-4}$$ M. What is its pH?

Accepted Answer

$$pH = 4$$

Question 10

Which tissue type is characterized by cells embedded in a mineralized matrix and is responsible for structural support and protection?

Accepted Answer

Bone tissue

Question 11

Which process describes the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration to high solute concentration?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the function of fibroblasts in connective tissue?

Accepted Answer

They produce collagen, elastic, and reticular fibers.

Question 13

Which of the following statements about enzymes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes lower the activation energy required for reactions.

Question 14

Which anatomical term describes a structure located toward the front of the body?

Accepted Answer

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why water is considered a polar molecule?

Accepted Answer

It has a partial positive charge on hydrogen and a partial negative charge on oxygen.

Question 16

Which of the following is a function of the mesentery in the abdominal cavity?

Accepted Answer

It anchors and supports the intestines, providing a pathway for blood vessels and nerves.

Question 17

Which process involves the engulfing of large particles or microorganisms by a cell?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the difference between exocrine and endocrine glands?

Accepted Answer

Exocrine glands secrete substances through ducts to external or internal surfaces; endocrine glands release hormones directly into the blood.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of microtubules in the cytoskeleton?

Accepted Answer

They facilitate the movement of chromosomes during cell division.

Question 20

A patient is given an intravenous solution that is isotonic to their blood plasma. What effect will this have on their red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

The cells will remain unchanged.

Unit 1 Exam Review: Foundations of Anatomy & Physiology

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