Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the function of the plasma membrane in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

It serves as a selective barrier, regulating the passage of oxygen, nutrients, and wastes into and out of the cell.

Question 2

A scientist is using a microscope to study the surface structure of a cell. Which type of microscope should they use, and what is the theoretical resolution limit for this instrument?

Accepted Answer

Scanning electron microscope (SEM); about 0.002 mm

Question 3

Which of the following equations correctly relates the surface area ($$A) $$and volume ($$V) of a $$spherical cell with radius $$r$$?

Accepted Answer

$$A = 4 \pi r^2$, V$$ = \frac{4}{3} \pi $$r^3$$

Question 4

Why do cells that exchange a large amount of material with their surroundings, such as intestinal cells, often have microvilli?

Accepted Answer

Microvilli increase the surface area of the cell, enhancing the rate of exchange with the environment.

Question 5

Which statement best explains the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells regarding the location of their genetic material?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have their DNA enclosed in a double membrane-bound nucleus, while prokaryotic cells have their DNA concentrated in a region called the nucleoid without a membrane.

Question 6

A researcher isolates ribosomes from a pancreatic cell and finds that some are attached to the endoplasmic reticulum while others are free in the cytosol. What is the most likely function of the ribosomes attached to the ER?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizing proteins that are inserted into membranes or exported from the cell.

Question 7

Which organelle is primarily responsible for the synthesis of lipids, metabolism of carbohydrates, and detoxification of drugs and poisons?

Accepted Answer

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (Smooth ER)

Question 8

During cell fractionation, a scientist isolates a pellet rich in mitochondria. Which cellular process is most likely to be studied using this fraction?

Accepted Answer

Cellular respiration

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the role of the nuclear lamina?

Accepted Answer

It is a network of protein filaments that helps maintain the shape of the nucleus.

Question 10

A mutation disrupts the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) in a cell. Which process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of membrane-bound and secretory proteins

Question 11

Which of the following statements about the endomembrane system is correct?

Accepted Answer

It includes the plasma membrane, nuclear envelope, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and vesicles.

Question 12

If a cell's surface area is $$100 \ \mu m^2$ and its volume is 1000$$ \ \mu $$m^3$$, what is its surface area-to-volume ratio?

Accepted Answer

$$0.1$$

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why eukaryotic cells can be larger than prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have internal membranes that compartmentalize functions, allowing for increased efficiency and larger cell size.

Question 14

Which process is most likely to be impaired in a cell lacking functional enzymes embedded in the membranes of mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

Cellular respiration

Question 15

A cell biologist observes that a cell has a large number of ribosomes attached to its rough ER. What can be inferred about the cell's function?

Accepted Answer

The cell synthesizes large quantities of proteins for export or insertion into membranes.

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (Smooth ER)?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of proteins for secretion

Question 17

Which statement best describes the relationship between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the nuclear envelope?

Accepted Answer

The ER is continuous with the nuclear envelope, allowing for direct transfer of materials between the two.

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why the surface area-to-volume ratio is important for cell function?

Accepted Answer

A higher surface area-to-volume ratio allows for more efficient exchange of materials between the cell and its environment.

Question 19

Which of the following structures is found in eukaryotic cells but not in prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Nucleus

A Tour of the Cell: General Biology I Study Notes

스터디 가이드 - 연습 문제

학습 가이드 - 플래시카드