Question 1

Which of the following best explains why cells are limited in size by their surface area to volume ratio?

Accepted Answer

As a cell increases in size, its volume increases faster than its surface area, limiting the rate at which materials can enter or leave the cell.

Question 2

Which structure is found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes

Question 3

A scientist observes a cell with DNA in a nucleoid region, no membrane-bound organelles, and a plasma membrane. Which type of cell is being observed?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cell

Question 4

Which of the following organelles is primarily responsible for the synthesis of lipids and detoxification of drugs in liver cells?

Accepted Answer

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 5

A mutation prevents the formation of the nuclear lamina. Which of the following would most likely be affected?

Accepted Answer

The shape and structural integrity of the nucleus

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the function of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

It modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for storage or transport out of the cell.

Question 7

A cell is observed to have an abundance of lysosomes. Which of the following is the most likely function of this cell?

Accepted Answer

Digesting and recycling cellular waste and foreign material

Question 8

Which of the following statements about mitochondria and chloroplasts supports the endosymbiont theory?

Accepted Answer

They contain their own circular DNA and ribosomes.

Question 9

A plant cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. Which organelle is primarily responsible for preventing the cell from bursting?

Accepted Answer

Cell wall

Question 10

Which of the following equations correctly represents the relationship between the surface area (SA) and volume (V) of a spherical cell with radius $$r$$?

Accepted Answer

$$SA = 4\pi r^2$, V$$ = \frac{4}{3}\pi $$r^3$$

Question 11

Which cytoskeletal component is primarily responsible for the separation of chromosomes during cell division?

Accepted Answer

Microtubules

Question 12

A patient has a genetic disorder affecting the function of dynein. Which cellular process is most likely to be impaired?

Accepted Answer

Movement of cilia and flagella

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the function of plasmodesmata in plant cells?

Accepted Answer

They allow the passage of water, small solutes, and sometimes proteins and RNA between adjacent cells.

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a component of the endomembrane system?

Accepted Answer

Peroxisome

Question 15

A mutation in a gene encoding an integrin protein would most likely affect which cellular structure or process?

Accepted Answer

Attachment of the cell to the extracellular matrix (ECM)

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why rough ER is considered a 'membrane factory' for the cell?

Accepted Answer

It produces membrane proteins and phospholipids that are incorporated into cellular membranes.

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of the central vacuole in plant cells?

Accepted Answer

Storage of inorganic ions and maintenance of turgor pressure

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of the cytoskeleton in vesicle transport within a cell?

Accepted Answer

It provides tracks along which motor proteins move vesicles to specific locations.

Question 19

Which of the following cell junctions would be most important in preventing the leakage of stomach acid between epithelial cells lining the stomach?

Accepted Answer

Tight junctions

Question 20

A cell is observed to have a large number of peroxisomes. Which of the following is the most likely function of this cell?

Accepted Answer

Detoxification of harmful substances such as alcohol

A Tour of the Cell: Structure, Function, and Organization

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