Q: Which equation correctly represents the overall process of cellular respiration in mitochondria?

$$C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + \text{energy}$$

Question 1

Which of the following is a key difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus bounded by a double membrane, while prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus.

Question 2

Which organelle is primarily responsible for the synthesis of proteins that are exported from the cell?

Accepted Answer

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 3

According to the endosymbiont theory, which evidence supports the idea that mitochondria and chloroplasts originated from prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

They have free ribosomes and circular DNA, similar to bacteria.

Question 4

A plant cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. Which structure helps prevent the cell from bursting?

Accepted Answer

Cell wall

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why eukaryotic cells can carry out more complex functions than prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles that compartmentalize reactions.

Question 6

Which equation correctly represents the overall process of cellular respiration in mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

$$C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2 ightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + 	ext{energy}$$

Question 7

A mutation causes a cell to lack functional lysosomes. Which cellular process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Digestion of macromolecules and autophagy

Question 8

Which structure in animal cells is analogous to the plant cell wall in providing structural support?

Accepted Answer

Extracellular matrix (ECM)

Question 9

Why is the surface area to volume ratio important for cell function?

Accepted Answer

It affects the efficiency of material exchange across the plasma membrane.

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a component of the endomembrane system?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Question 11

A scientist observes a cell with the following features: circular DNA, free ribosomes, and a double membrane. Which organelle is most likely being observed?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 12

Which cellular structure is responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins for secretion?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the function of peroxisomes?

Accepted Answer

They contain enzymes that transfer hydrogen to oxygen, forming hydrogen peroxide.

Question 14

Which of the following cell junctions allows for the direct transfer of ions and small molecules between animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Gap junctions

Question 15

Which of the following statements about ribosomes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

Question 16

A cell is observed to have a large central vacuole, chloroplasts, and a cell wall. Which type of cell is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Plant cell

Question 17

Which process is most directly affected if the cytoskeleton of a cell is disrupted?

Accepted Answer

Cell shape and movement

Question 18

Which of the following is a real-world example of a metabolic pathway in cells?

Accepted Answer

Stepwise breakdown of glucose during cellular respiration

Question 19

Which equation best represents the photosynthesis process in chloroplasts?

Accepted Answer

$$6CO_2 + 6H_2O \rightarrow C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2$$

Question 20

Which of the following statements about metabolic pathways is correct?

Accepted Answer

Metabolic pathways involve a series of enzyme-catalyzed reactions that maximize energy harvest and minimize energy loss.

ch.6 A Tour of the Cell: Structure, Function, and Diversity

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