Question 1

Which of the following best describes an isotope?

Accepted Answer

An atom with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons

Question 2

A neutral atom of Oxygen-16 ($$^{16}\mathrm{O}) $$has how many protons, neutrons, and electrons?

Accepted Answer

8 protons, 8 neutrons, 8 electrons

Question 3

Which subatomic particle is electrically neutral?

Accepted Answer

Neutron

Question 4

When $$^{60}\mathrm{Co} ($$Cobalt-60) undergoes radioactive decay and one of its neutrons decays into a proton and an electron, what does $$^{60}\mathrm{Co}$$ become?

Accepted Answer

$$^{60}\mathrm{Ni} ($$Nickel-60)

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why water is able to stabilize temperature?

Accepted Answer

Water has a high specific heat due to hydrogen bonding

Question 6

What property of water allows a paper clip to float on its surface?

Accepted Answer

Cohesion

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the arrangement of water molecules around a sodium ion ($$\mathrm{Na}^+$$)?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen atoms of water point toward the sodium ion

Question 8

Which equation correctly represents the relationship between pH and hydrogen ion concentration?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{pH} = -\log_{10}[\mathrm{H}^+]$$

Question 9

A patient has been vomiting, which removes acids from the body. What effect does this have on the $$[\mathrm{H}^+] in $$the blood?

Accepted Answer

$$[\mathrm{H}^+]$$ decreases, making the blood more basic

Question 10

Which property of water is most responsible for capillary action in plants?

Accepted Answer

Adhesion and cohesion

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the effect of freezing on a lake?

Accepted Answer

Water freezes from the top down, providing insulation for organisms below

Question 12

Which of the following is a property of water that allows water striders to walk on the surface?

Accepted Answer

Cohesion

Question 13

Which type of bond involves the unequal sharing of electrons within a covalently-bonded molecule?

Accepted Answer

Polar covalent bond

Question 14

What is the tendency of an atom to pull electrons toward itself in a covalent bond called?

Accepted Answer

Electronegativity

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why water does not dissolve nonpolar compounds like $$\mathrm{CO}_2 or$$ $$\mathrm{O}_2$$?

Accepted Answer

There are no regions of charge for water to be attracted to

Question 16

Which of the following is true about covalent bonds?

Accepted Answer

They involve the sharing of electron pairs

Question 17

Which of the following is the correct number of electrons needed to fill the outer shell of an atom with atomic number 8?

Accepted Answer

8

Question 18

How do buffers help maintain homeostasis in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

By minimizing changes in pH when acids or bases are added

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the effect of fasting on blood pH?

Accepted Answer

Fasting increases $$[\mathrm{H}^+]$$, making the blood more acidic

Question 20

Which of the following is a real-world example of water's high surface tension?

Accepted Answer

Water droplets forming beads on a penny

Atoms, Chemical Bonds, Water Properties, and Buffers: General Biology Study Guide

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