Question 1

A molecule is found to be composed almost entirely of carbon and hydrogen, with very few oxygen atoms. Which category of biomolecule does this most likely represent?

Accepted Answer

Fatty acids

Question 2

If a DNA sample contains 15% adenine (A), what percentage of cytosine (C) would you expect to find?

Accepted Answer

35%

Question 3

Which of the following correctly describes the hydrophobic character of biological fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

The hydrophobic character of the hydrocarbon chain exceeds the hydrophilic nature of the carboxylic acid group.

Question 4

Which of the following is responsible for stabilizing the secondary structure of proteins, such as alpha helices and beta sheets?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds

Question 5

What are the three components of a nucleotide?

Accepted Answer

A nitrogenous base, a pentose sugar, and a phosphate group

Question 6

Which of the following elements is most likely to accept an electron, based on electronegativity?

Accepted Answer

Fluorine (F)

Question 7

Which of the following is the correct order of protein structure from least complex to most complex?

Accepted Answer

Primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary

Question 8

A mutation causes a polar hydrophilic amino acid to be substituted for a non-polar hydrophobic one in a crucial region of a polypeptide chain. What is the most likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

All three are possible outcomes.

Question 9

Which of the following are characteristics of unsaturated fatty acids? Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

They are fluid and have kinks in their hydrocarbon tails.

Question 10

What are the two major components of a phospholipid?

Accepted Answer

A polar head group containing phosphate and a hydrophobic fatty acid chain

Question 11

How do you determine the atomic weight of an atom?

Accepted Answer

Number of protons and neutrons

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the function of triacylglycerol in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Energy storage in fat cells

Question 13

Which type of bond is responsible for holding together the secondary structure of proteins?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bond

Question 14

Which functional groups are always involved in the hydrogen bonds of polypeptides? Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

Amine group and carboxyl group

Question 15

A partially unfolded protein structure is found to have hydrophobic interactions in its interior. What is the most likely environment for this protein?

Accepted Answer

Aqueous (water-based) environment

Question 16

Which of the following amino acids would most likely be found in the active site of a lectin protein that binds monosaccharides?

Accepted Answer

Serine

Question 17

Which of the following best describes electronegativity?

Accepted Answer

The ability of an atom to attract electrons toward itself in a chemical bond

Question 18

How many amino acids are involved in the reaction to produce a dipeptide?

Accepted Answer

2

Question 19

A researcher wants to design a drug to inhibit an enzyme whose active site is composed of hydrophilic amino acid residues. What type of molecule should they use?

Accepted Answer

Polar molecule

Question 20

Which level of protein structure does an alpha helix represent?

Accepted Answer

Secondary

BIO 181 Exam 1 Review: Biomolecules, Proteins, and Cell Structure

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