Q: During cellular respiration, glucose is broken down to produce ATP. What is the balanced chemical equation for aerobic cellular respiration?

$$\mathrm{C}_6\mathrm{H}_{12}\mathrm{O}_6 + 6 \mathrm{O}_2 \rightarrow 6 \mathrm{CO}_2 + 6 \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} + \text{energy}$$

Q: Which of the following equations represents the overall process of photosynthesis?

$$6 \mathrm{CO}_2 + 6 \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} + \text{light energy} \rightarrow \mathrm{C}_6\mathrm{H}_{12}\mathrm{O}_6 + 6 \mathrm{O}_2$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the role of the mitochondria in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

It generates ATP through cellular respiration.

Question 2

A scientist is studying a cell that contains a nucleus, mitochondria, and a cell wall. Which type of organism is this cell most likely from?

Accepted Answer

Plant

Question 3

Which macromolecule is primarily responsible for catalyzing biochemical reactions in cells?

Accepted Answer

Proteins

Question 4

During cellular respiration, glucose is broken down to produce ATP. What is the balanced chemical equation for aerobic cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C}_6\mathrm{H}_{12}\mathrm{O}_6 + 6 \mathrm{O}_2 ightarrow 6 \mathrm{CO}_2 + 6 \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} + 	ext{energy}$$

Question 5

Which of the following statements about DNA replication is correct?

Accepted Answer

DNA replication is semi-conservative, producing two molecules each with one old and one new strand.

Question 6

A mutation occurs in the gene encoding an enzyme involved in glycolysis. Which cellular process is most likely to be directly affected?

Accepted Answer

ATP production

Question 7

Which organelle is responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins for secretion?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 8

A cell is placed in a solution with a higher concentration of solutes than inside the cell. What will most likely happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

It will shrink as water leaves the cell.

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why enzymes are specific to their substrates?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes have active sites with unique shapes that fit specific substrates.

Question 10

Which process is responsible for the movement of oxygen from the lungs into the blood?

Accepted Answer

Simple diffusion

Question 11

A researcher observes that a cell can synthesize proteins but cannot transport them to the cell membrane for secretion. Which organelle is most likely malfunctioning?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 12

Which of the following equations represents the overall process of photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

$$6 \mathrm{CO}_2 + 6 \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} + 	ext{light energy} ightarrow \mathrm{C}_6\mathrm{H}_{12}\mathrm{O}_6 + 6 \mathrm{O}_2$$

Question 13

Which statement best describes the function of ribosomes in a cell?

Accepted Answer

They assemble amino acids into proteins.

Question 14

A patient is diagnosed with a genetic disorder that affects the lysosomes. Which cellular function is most likely impaired?

Accepted Answer

Digestion of cellular waste

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct description of the fluid mosaic model of the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

A flexible bilayer of phospholipids with embedded proteins that move laterally.

Question 16

Which process is directly responsible for the synthesis of RNA from a DNA template?

Accepted Answer

Transcription

Question 17

A cell is observed to have a large number of chloroplasts. What is the primary function of these organelles?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why water is considered a polar molecule?

Accepted Answer

It has an uneven distribution of electrons, resulting in partial positive and negative charges.

Question 19

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in the central dogma of molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

DNA replication → transcription → translation

Question 20

A scientist wants to measure the rate of passive diffusion of glucose across a cell membrane. Which variable should be kept constant to ensure valid results?

Accepted Answer

Temperature

Bio Sci 93: From DNA to Organisms – Syllabus and Study Guide (Fall 2023)

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