Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) in cell biology?

Accepted Answer

It aims a beam of electrons through a thin section of the specimen to study internal cell structures.

Question 2

During cell fractionation, what causes the largest cell components to settle at the bottom of the tube?

Accepted Answer

The force generated by spinning the tube in a centrifuge.

Question 3

Which structure is responsible for synthesizing secretory proteins that are covalently bonded to carbohydrates, forming glycoproteins?

Accepted Answer

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Question 4

A researcher observes a cell with a double membrane, nuclear lamina, and chromatin. Which type of cell is being observed?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cell

Question 5

Which of the following best explains the role of lysosomes in autophagy?

Accepted Answer

Lysosomes use hydrolytic enzymes to recycle the cell's own organic material.

Question 6

A plant cell is observed to have a large central vacuole. What is the primary function of this organelle?

Accepted Answer

It stores inorganic ions and absorbs water to support plant growth.

Question 7

Which equation correctly represents the detoxification reaction carried out by peroxisomes?

Accepted Answer

$$2H_2O_2 \rightarrow 2H_2O + O_2$

Question 8

Which of the following is a function of the Golgi apparatus in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

It sorts, modifies, and ships proteins and lipids to their destinations.

Question 9

A cell is observed to have cristae and a matrix. Which organelle is being described, and what is its primary function?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion; chemical energy conversion through ATP production

Question 10

Which of the following best supports the endosymbiont theory for the origin of mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria contain their own DNA and ribosomes, similar to bacteria.

Question 11

Which structure in plant cells is primarily responsible for converting solar energy into chemical energy?

Accepted Answer

Chloroplasts

Question 12

Which of the following statements about the cytoskeleton is correct?

Accepted Answer

It organizes the structures and activities of the cell and provides mechanical support.

Question 13

A scientist is studying a cell that contains thylakoids stacked into grana. What process is most likely occurring in this organelle?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the function of contractile vacuoles in unicellular protists?

Accepted Answer

They pump excess water out of the cell to maintain osmotic balance.

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct description of chromatin?

Accepted Answer

A complex of DNA and proteins making up chromosomes.

Question 16

Which organelle is responsible for the synthesis of lipids, metabolism, detoxification, and storage of calcium ions?

Accepted Answer

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Question 17

Which of the following is a real-world application of lysosomal malfunction in human health?

Accepted Answer

Accumulation of undigested macromolecules can lead to cell death and diseases such as Tay-Sachs.

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why the inner membrane of mitochondria is highly folded into cristae?

Accepted Answer

To increase the surface area for ATP-producing enzymes.

Question 19

Which of the following is a multi-step process involving the endomembrane system?

Accepted Answer

A protein is synthesized in the rough ER, modified in the Golgi apparatus, and transported in a vesicle to the plasma membrane for secretion.

BIO110 Chapter 4: A Tour of the Cell – Study Notes

스터디 가이드 - 연습 문제