Question 1

Which of the following best describes the sequence of events during interphase in the eukaryotic cell cycle?

Accepted Answer

G1 phase (cell growth), S phase (DNA synthesis), G2 phase (preparation for mitosis)

Question 2

A scientist observes a cell with chromosomes aligned at the center of the cell, spindle fibers attached to the centromeres, and the nuclear envelope completely dissolved. Which stage of mitosis is being observed?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase

Question 3

Which of the following best explains why the plasma membrane is described as a 'fluid mosaic'?

Accepted Answer

It is composed of a phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins that can move laterally within the layer.

Question 4

A red blood cell is placed in a solution and begins to swell and eventually bursts. Which type of solution was the cell placed in, and what is the direction of water movement?

Accepted Answer

Hypotonic solution; water moves into the cell

Question 5

Which of the following membrane proteins is primarily responsible for the selective transport of ions across the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Channel proteins

Question 6

A cell is observed to use ATP to move sodium ions against their concentration gradient. Which type of membrane transport is being utilized?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 7

Which organelle is responsible for the synthesis of proteins that are exported from the cell?

Accepted Answer

Rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)

Question 8

A plant cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What will most likely happen to the cell, and why?

Accepted Answer

It will lose water and undergo plasmolysis because water moves out of the cell.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the function of the Golgi apparatus in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery to other organelles

Question 10

During which cell cycle checkpoint does the cell verify that all DNA has been accurately replicated before proceeding to mitosis?

Accepted Answer

G2 checkpoint

Question 11

A mutation causes a cell to lose function of its lysosomes. Which of the following would most likely result?

Accepted Answer

Accumulation of undigested macromolecules within the cell

Question 12

Which of the following statements about membrane permeability is correct?

Accepted Answer

Small, nonpolar molecules can diffuse freely across the lipid bilayer.

Question 13

A patient is given an intravenous solution that is hypertonic relative to their blood plasma. What is the most likely physiological effect?

Accepted Answer

Red blood cells will shrink as water leaves the cells.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the role of mitochondria in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

They generate ATP through aerobic respiration.

Question 15

Which of the following equations correctly represents the net movement of water during osmosis?

Accepted Answer

$$\Delta \Psi = \Psi_s + \Psi_p$$

Question 16

A cell is observed to have an extensive smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER). Which function is this cell most likely specialized for?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of lipids and detoxification of drugs

Question 17

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Glucose moving into a cell through a specific carrier protein down its concentration gradient

Question 18

During which stage of mitosis do sister chromatids separate and move toward opposite poles of the cell?

Accepted Answer

Anaphase

Question 19

A cell is unable to pass the G1 checkpoint. Which of the following is the most likely reason?

Accepted Answer

DNA is damaged or conditions are not favorable for division.

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why integral membrane proteins are able to span the lipid bilayer?

Accepted Answer

They contain hydrophobic regions that interact with the fatty acid tails of phospholipids.

BIO120 Exam 3 Study Guide: Cell Structure, Membranes, and Cell Cycle

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