Q: Which equation correctly represents the overall process of cellular respiration?

$$C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + \text{ATP}$$

Question 1

Which property of phospholipids is primarily responsible for the spontaneous formation of biological membranes?

Accepted Answer

Their amphipathic nature, with hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails

Question 2

A red blood cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. What will happen to the cell, and why?

Accepted Answer

It will swell and possibly burst because water moves into the cell by osmosis

Question 3

Which of the following molecules can freely cross the plasma membrane without the help of transport proteins?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen ($$O_2) $$and carbon dioxide ($$CO_2)$$

Question 4

How does cholesterol affect membrane fluidity at different temperatures?

Accepted Answer

It stabilizes membrane fluidity by preventing tight packing at low temperatures and restricting movement at high temperatures

Question 5

Which process requires ATP and moves substances against their concentration gradient?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 6

A poison inhibits the function of ATP synthase in mitochondria. Which stage of cellular respiration is directly affected, and what is the consequence?

Accepted Answer

Oxidative phosphorylation; ATP production is drastically reduced

Question 7

Which equation correctly represents the overall process of cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2 ightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + 	ext{ATP}$$

Question 8

During glycolysis, what is the net gain of ATP and NADH per molecule of glucose?

Accepted Answer

2 ATP and 2 NADH

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the second law of thermodynamics?

Accepted Answer

Every energy transfer increases the entropy of the universe

Question 10

Which enzyme is the main actor in the Calvin cycle of photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCO)

Question 11

A plant cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

It will become plasmolyzed as water leaves the cell

Question 12

Which of the following is a measure of disorder in a system?

Accepted Answer

Entropy ($$S)$$

Question 13

Which process allows cells to take up large particles, such as bacteria, and what is its energy requirement?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis; requires ATP

Question 14

Which of the following statements about enzymes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes lower the activation energy ($$E_a) of a $$reaction

Question 15

Which of the following is true about feedback inhibition in metabolic pathways?

Accepted Answer

The end product of a pathway inhibits an enzyme involved earlier in the pathway

Question 16

Which of the following is the balanced equation for photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

$$6CO_2 + 6H_2O + 	ext{light energy} ightarrow C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2$$

Question 17

Which organelles are responsible for energy harvesting in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria and chloroplasts

Question 18

Which of the following best describes facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Movement of molecules down their concentration gradient via transport proteins, without ATP

Question 19

Which stage of cellular respiration produces the most ATP?

Accepted Answer

Electron transport chain (ETC) and oxidative phosphorylation

Question 20

Why is photosynthesis evolutionarily advantageous for organisms?

Accepted Answer

It allows them to make their own food from inorganic molecules

BIOL 1710 Exam 2 Review: Cell Membranes, Energy, Respiration, and Photosynthesis

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