Question 1

Which of the following elements is NOT one of the six most abundant elements in living matter, commonly referred to as CHNOPS?

Accepted Answer

Calcium

Question 2

Why is carbon considered the backbone of organic molecules?

Accepted Answer

Because it can form up to four covalent bonds, allowing for complex and diverse molecular structures.

Question 3

Which type of macromolecule is primarily responsible for catalyzing chemical reactions in cells?

Accepted Answer

Proteins

Question 4

A polysaccharide that serves as a major structural component in plant cell walls is:

Accepted Answer

Cellulose

Question 5

Which of the following statements about lipids is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Lipids are hydrophobic and include fats, oils, waxes, and steroids.

Question 6

Which of the following is a correct description of a saturated fatty acid?

Accepted Answer

A fatty acid chain with no double carbon bonds and the maximum number of hydrogen atoms.

Question 7

Which macromolecule is composed of chains of nucleotides and is responsible for storing genetic information?

Accepted Answer

Nucleic acids

Question 8

Which of the following is an example of a monosaccharide?

Accepted Answer

Glucose

Question 9

What is the primary function of waxes in plants?

Accepted Answer

To protect leaves by forming a hydrophobic barrier that reduces water loss.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the structure of steroids?

Accepted Answer

Four interconnected hydrocarbon rings

Question 11

A student is analyzing a molecule with the formula $$C_6H_{12}O_6$. Which class of biomolecule does this most likely represent?

Accepted Answer

Monosaccharide

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Storing genetic information

Question 13

Which of the following statements about essential amino acids is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Humans must obtain essential amino acids from their diet because they cannot synthesize them.

Question 14

Which macromolecule is directly involved in the process of gene expression?

Accepted Answer

Proteins

Question 15

A scientist discovers a molecule that is insoluble in water, contains long hydrocarbon chains, and is used for energy storage in animals. This molecule is most likely a:

Accepted Answer

Lipid

Question 16

Which of the following correctly matches the macromolecule with its monomer?

Accepted Answer

Protein – amino acid

Question 17

Which polysaccharide is used for energy storage in animals?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen

Question 18

A mutation causes a change in the sequence of amino acids in a protein. Which level of protein structure is directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Primary structure

Question 19

Which of the following molecules contains a phosphate group, a sugar, and a nitrogenous base?

Accepted Answer

Nucleotide

Question 20

A patient is diagnosed with a genetic disorder that affects the production of collagen, a protein that provides structural support in connective tissues. Which property of proteins is most relevant to this disorder?

Accepted Answer

Proteins provide structural elements and bind cells together into tissues.

Biological Macromolecules and Elements of Life: Study Notes

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