Question 1

Which of the following correctly matches a biological macromolecule with its monomer and bond type?

Accepted Answer

Nucleic acid: Nucleotide, Phosphodiester bond

Question 2

A patient is diagnosed with a genetic disorder affecting the structure of collagen. Which level of protein structure is most likely disrupted, and what type of bond is primarily involved?

Accepted Answer

Quaternary structure; interactions between polypeptides

Question 3

Which of the following best explains why cellulose is not digestible by humans?

Accepted Answer

Humans lack enzymes to break beta-glycosidic bonds in cellulose.

Question 4

A scientist isolates a molecule with the formula $$C_{6}H$$_{12}$$O_{6}$. Which class of macromolecule does this most likely represent, and what is its primary function?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrate; quick energy source

Question 5

Which of the following statements about phospholipids is correct?

Accepted Answer

They consist of two fatty acids, a phosphate group, and glycerol.

Question 6

During a marathon, an athlete relies on stored glycogen for energy. Which macromolecule is glycogen, and what type of bond links its monomers?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrate; glycosidic linkage

Question 7

Which of the following is a correct description of the general formula for a monosaccharide?

Accepted Answer

$$C_{n}H$$_{2n}$$O_{n}$

Question 8

Which macromolecule is primarily responsible for catalyzing biochemical reactions, and what is the name of the bond that links its monomers?

Accepted Answer

Protein; peptide bond

Question 9

A mutation changes the base sequence in DNA. Which type of bond is directly affected by this mutation?

Accepted Answer

Phosphodiester bond

Question 10

Which of the following is a function of nucleic acids in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Storing genetic information

Question 11

Which of the following correctly matches a macromolecule with its main function and key elements?

Accepted Answer

Lipids: Energy storage; C, H, O

Question 12

Which of the following is true about the structure of DNA compared to RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA is double-stranded with deoxyribose sugar; RNA is single-stranded with ribose sugar.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the role of phospholipids in cell membranes?

Accepted Answer

They form a bilayer that provides membrane fluidity and selective permeability.

Question 14

A researcher is studying a molecule that contains a phosphate group, a sugar, and a nitrogenous base. What is this molecule, and what type of bond links its monomers?

Accepted Answer

Nucleotide; phosphodiester bond

Question 15

Which of the following is a real-world example of a protein's function?

Accepted Answer

Hemoglobin transporting oxygen in blood

Question 16

Which type of macromolecule is most directly involved in cell signaling and hormone function?

Accepted Answer

Lipids

Question 17

Which of the following equations represents the formation of a peptide bond between two amino acids?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{Amino\ acid}_1 + \mathrm{Amino\ acid}_2 \rightarrow \mathrm{Dipeptide} + H_2O$$

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct statement about the elements found in proteins?

Accepted Answer

Proteins contain C, H, O, N, and sometimes S.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of enzymes in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

They lower the activation energy required for chemical reactions.

Biological Macromolecules: Structure, Types, and Functions

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