Question 1

Which of the following best describes the relationship between monomers and polymers in biological macromolecules?

Accepted Answer

Monomers are small molecules that can be joined together by dehydration reactions to form polymers.

Question 2

Which chemical formula represents a simple carbohydrate (monosaccharide)?

Accepted Answer

$$C_6H_{12}O_6$

Question 3

During the formation of a disaccharide from two monosaccharides, which type of reaction occurs and what is released?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration synthesis; water ($$H_2O) is $$released.

Question 4

Which of the following statements about dehydration and hydrolysis reactions is correct?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration reactions create polymers from monomers; hydrolysis reactions break down polymers.

Question 5

Which polysaccharide is a major component of the exoskeletons of lobsters and insects?

Accepted Answer

Chitin

Question 6

Animal cells store energy in the form of ________, while plant cells store energy in the form of ________.

Accepted Answer

glycogen; starch

Question 7

Which of the following bonds links monosaccharides together in polysaccharides?

Accepted Answer

Glycosidic bonds

Question 8

What is the primary function of cellulose in plants?

Accepted Answer

Structural support

Question 9

Proteins are polymers made of which type of monomer?

Accepted Answer

Amino acids

Question 10

Which two functional groups are always found in amino acids?

Accepted Answer

Amino group ($$-NH_2$) and carboxyl group (-$$COOH$$)

Question 11

A patient is unable to digest starch but can digest glucose. Which enzyme is most likely deficient in this patient?

Accepted Answer

Amylase, which breaks glycosidic bonds in polysaccharides.

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why cellulose cannot be digested by most animals?

Accepted Answer

Most animals lack the enzyme to break the specific glycosidic bonds in cellulose.

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct description of a dehydration synthesis reaction?

Accepted Answer

A reaction in which two monomers are joined and a molecule of water ($$H_2O) is $$released.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the structure of a nucleotide, the monomer of nucleic acids?

Accepted Answer

A phosphate group, a five-carbon sugar, and a nitrogenous base

Question 15

Which of the following chemical reactions results in the release of energy when glycosidic bonds are broken?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis reaction

Question 16

A scientist is studying a molecule with the formula $$C_{12}H$$_{22}$$O_{11}$. This molecule is most likely a:

Accepted Answer

Disaccharide

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a function of carbohydrates in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Catalyzing chemical reactions

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why glycogen is a suitable energy storage molecule in animals?

Accepted Answer

It is highly branched, allowing rapid release of glucose when energy is needed.

Question 19

Which of the following statements about the directionality of proteins is correct?

Accepted Answer

Proteins have an amino ($$N-$$terminal) and a carboxyl ($$C-$$terminal) end.

Biomolecules: Structure, Function, and Classification

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