Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of the scientific method in biological research?

Accepted Answer

To offer a systematic approach for investigating natural phenomena and generating testable hypotheses.

Question 2

A researcher is studying the effect of temperature on enzyme activity. Which variable is the independent variable in this experiment?

Accepted Answer

The temperature at which the reaction occurs.

Question 3

Which macromolecule is primarily responsible for storing genetic information in cells?

Accepted Answer

Nucleic acids

Question 4

During cellular respiration, glucose is broken down to produce ATP. What is the balanced chemical equation for aerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + Energy}$$

Question 5

Which organelle is most directly involved in the synthesis of proteins?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome

Question 6

A mutation occurs in the gene coding for a membrane transport protein. Which cellular process is most likely to be affected?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why phospholipids form bilayers in water?

Accepted Answer

Their hydrophobic tails avoid water while their hydrophilic heads interact with water.

Question 8

Which process is responsible for the movement of water across a cell membrane from an area of low solute concentration to high solute concentration?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis

Question 9

A patient is diagnosed with a metabolic disorder that prevents the breakdown of fatty acids. Which cellular organelle is most likely malfunctioning?

Accepted Answer

Peroxisome

Question 10

Which equation correctly represents the process of photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{6CO_2 + 6H_2O + Light \rightarrow C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2}$$

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a function of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizing proteins for the cell

Question 12

A geneticist is studying inheritance patterns in fruit flies. Which principle explains why alleles for different traits are inherited independently?

Accepted Answer

Law of Independent Assortment

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the role of ATP in cellular metabolism?

Accepted Answer

ATP provides energy for cellular processes by releasing a phosphate group.

Question 14

A cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What will most likely happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

It will lose water and shrink.

Question 15

Which of the following statements about enzymes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes lower the activation energy required for reactions.

Question 16

A biologist observes that a population of bacteria doubles every 30 minutes. If the initial population is 100, what will the population be after 2 hours?

Accepted Answer

1600

Question 17

Which of the following is a real-world example of negative feedback in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Regulation of blood glucose levels by insulin

Question 18

Which statement best describes the relationship between genotype and phenotype?

Accepted Answer

Genotype determines the phenotype through the expression of genes.

Question 19

A student is asked to design an experiment to test the effect of light intensity on photosynthesis rate in plants. Which of the following is the best way to measure the rate of photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Measuring the amount of oxygen released over time.

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why sickle cell anemia persists in certain populations despite its negative health effects?

Accepted Answer

It provides resistance to malaria in heterozygous individuals.

BLG143: Biology I, Fall 2025 – Syllabus and Course Structure Study Guide

스터디 가이드 - 연습 문제

학습 가이드 - 플래시카드