Question 1

Which of the following is NOT one of the four main classes of large biological macromolecules?

Accepted Answer

Vitamins

Question 2

A dehydration synthesis reaction between two glucose molecules results in the formation of which type of bond?

Accepted Answer

Glycosidic bond

Question 3

Which statement best describes the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fatty acids contain only single bonds between carbon atoms, allowing them to pack closely together.

Question 4

Which process breaks down polymers into monomers by adding water?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis

Question 5

A triglyceride is formed by the reaction of which functional groups?

Accepted Answer

One hydroxyl and one carboxyl group

Question 6

Which of the following polysaccharides is used for energy storage in animal muscle and liver?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen

Question 7

What is the main structural difference between cis and trans unsaturated fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

Cis fatty acids have hydrogen atoms on the same side of the double bond, causing a kink; trans fatty acids have hydrogens on opposite sides, resulting in a straighter chain.

Question 8

Which equation correctly represents the dehydration synthesis of two monosaccharides to form a disaccharide?

Accepted Answer

$$C_6H_{12}O_6$ + C_6H_{12}O_6$ \rightarrow C$$_{12}$$H_{22}O$$_{11} + H_2O$

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why phospholipids form bilayers in water?

Accepted Answer

Their hydrophilic heads interact with water while hydrophobic tails avoid water.

Question 10

Which of the following is a function of carbohydrates in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Energy storage and structural support

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a polymer?

Accepted Answer

Glucose

Question 12

Which type of carbohydrate is primarily used for cell recognition on the surface of animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Oligosaccharides

Question 13

Which of the following statements about steroids is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Steroids have four fused rings and serve as precursors for hormones.

Question 14

Which of the following reactions is responsible for the breakdown of starch into glucose monomers during digestion?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the structure of cellulose?

Accepted Answer

A polysaccharide composed of glucose monomers linked by β-glycosidic bonds, providing structural support in plants.

Question 16

Trans fats are associated with increased risk of which disease?

Accepted Answer

Coronary heart disease

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct example of a monomer and its corresponding polymer?

Accepted Answer

Glucose and starch

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why unsaturated fatty acids are usually liquid at room temperature?

Accepted Answer

The presence of double bonds creates kinks, preventing tight packing.

Question 19

Which of the following is a real-world consequence of consuming large amounts of trans fats?

Accepted Answer

Increased risk of premature death from coronary heart disease

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the role of phospholipids in biological membranes?

Accepted Answer

They form a bilayer with hydrophilic heads facing outward and hydrophobic tails facing inward.

Carbohydrates and Lipids: Structure, Function, and Biological Importance

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