Question 1

Which of the following elements is NOT included in the CHNOPS mnemonic for the six most common elements in living things?

Accepted Answer

Calcium

Question 2

Which of the following statements best describes an organic compound in the context of biology?

Accepted Answer

It must contain at least one carbon-hydrogen bond and be made by a cell.

Question 3

Why are carbon atoms able to form such a wide variety of stable compounds?

Accepted Answer

They have four valence electrons and can form single, double, or triple covalent bonds.

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a way that carbon skeletons can vary?

Accepted Answer

Type of ionic charge

Question 5

Which type of isomer differs in the spatial arrangement of atoms around a double bond, resulting in 'cis' and 'trans' forms?

Accepted Answer

Cis-trans isomers (geometric isomers)

Question 6

A molecule with the formula $$C_6H_{12}O_6$ is most likely a:

Accepted Answer

Monosaccharide

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the process of polymerization?

Accepted Answer

Joining monomers together to form larger polymers

Question 8

What type of bond joins two monosaccharides to form a disaccharide?

Accepted Answer

Glycosidic bond

Question 9

Which macromolecule is correctly paired with its monomer?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrate – Monosaccharide

Question 10

Which of the following is a function of ATP in the cell?

Accepted Answer

It is the immediate source of energy for cellular activities.

Question 11

What happens when ATP is hydrolyzed to ADP and inorganic phosphate ($$P_i$$)?

Accepted Answer

Energy is released for the cell to use.

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Storing genetic information

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why carbon dioxide ($$CO_2) is $$not considered an organic molecule?

Accepted Answer

It does not contain a carbon-hydrogen bond.

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct example of a polymer and its corresponding monomer?

Accepted Answer

Starch – Glucose

Question 15

A scientist discovers a molecule with a long hydrocarbon chain and a carboxyl group at one end. This molecule is most likely a:

Accepted Answer

Fatty acid

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the difference between structural isomers and enantiomers?

Accepted Answer

Structural isomers differ in the arrangement of atoms; enantiomers are mirror images of each other.

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why ATP is considered the 'currency' of the cell?

Accepted Answer

It contains high-energy phosphate bonds that can be broken to release energy for cellular work.

Question 18

Which of the following statements about lipids is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Lipids are hydrophobic and serve as long-term energy storage.

Question 19

A peptide bond is formed between:

Accepted Answer

The amino group of one amino acid and the carboxyl group of another

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the general formula for a carbohydrate?

Accepted Answer

$$C_nH_{2n}O_n$$

Carbon Chemistry and Biological Macromolecules: Study Notes

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