Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have a membrane-bound nucleus, while prokaryotic cells do not.

Question 2

Which structure is primarily responsible for the selective permeability of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipid bilayer

Question 3

A bacterium is observed to have multiple internal membrane infoldings containing pigments. What is the most likely function of these structures?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why oxygen and carbon dioxide can easily diffuse across the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

They are small, nonpolar molecules.

Question 5

A red blood cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. What will most likely happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

It will swell and possibly burst due to water gain.

Question 6

Which organelle is responsible for the synthesis of ATP in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 7

According to the endosymbiosis theory, which evidence supports the idea that mitochondria and chloroplasts were once free-living bacteria?

Accepted Answer

They contain their own DNA and ribosomes.

Question 8

Which of the following best describes facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Movement of molecules down a concentration gradient through a protein channel.

Question 9

A plant cell's central vacuole is primarily responsible for which of the following functions?

Accepted Answer

Regulating water concentration and providing structural support

Question 10

Which of the following is a function of the cytoskeleton in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Maintaining cell shape and enabling movement

Question 11

Which process is used by white blood cells to engulf and destroy bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis

Question 12

Which component of the plasma membrane is primarily responsible for cell recognition and communication?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrate groups attached to proteins and lipids

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the role of lysosomes in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Digesting and recycling cellular waste

Question 14

A cell is observed to have a large number of ribosomes attached to its endoplasmic reticulum. What is the most likely function of this cell?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of proteins for export

Question 15

Which of the following equations correctly represents the process of photosynthesis occurring in chloroplasts?

Accepted Answer

$$6 	ext{CO}_2 + 6 	ext{H}_2	ext{O} + 	ext{light energy} ightarrow 	ext{C}_6	ext{H}_{12}	ext{O}_6 + 6 	ext{O}_2$$

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the function of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Modifying, packaging, and sorting proteins and lipids

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a function of the extracellular matrix in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizing proteins

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why active transport requires energy?

Accepted Answer

It moves substances against their concentration gradient.

Question 19

A cell is placed in a solution and water moves into the cell. Which term best describes the solution relative to the cell?

Accepted Answer

Hypotonic

Question 20

Which of the following processes is responsible for the bulk export of proteins from a cell?

Accepted Answer

Exocytosis

Cell Anatomy and Membrane Transport: Structure and Function in Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

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