Question 1

Which phase of the cell cycle is characterized by cell growth, fulfillment of specialized functions, and active transcription of genes, but not chromosome replication?

Accepted Answer

G1 phase of Interphase

Question 2

During which stage of mitosis do the sister chromatids separate and move toward opposite poles of the cell?

Accepted Answer

Anaphase

Question 3

If a human somatic cell contains 46 chromosomes at the start of G1, how many sister chromatids will be present in the cell at the end of S phase?

Accepted Answer

92

Question 4

Which structure is responsible for attaching to chromosomes and moving them during mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Kinetochore microtubules

Question 5

What is the primary difference between mitosis and meiosis in terms of genetic outcome?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis produces genetically identical cells; meiosis produces genetically different cells.

Question 6

Which event marks the transition from prophase to prometaphase during mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Nuclear envelope breaks down

Question 7

A cell is observed with chromosomes aligned at the center of the cell, attached to spindle fibers from both poles. Which phase is this?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase

Question 8

Which formula correctly represents the number of chromosomes ($$n) $$and chromatids ($$c) in a $$human cell at the end of G2 phase?

Accepted Answer

$$n = 46$$, $$c = 92$$

Question 9

Which of the following best describes cytokinesis in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Pinching in of the plasma membrane by an actin-myosin ring

Question 10

A mutation prevents the formation of kinetochores in a cell. What is the most likely consequence during mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Spindle microtubules will not attach to chromosomes

Question 11

Which phase of the cell cycle immediately follows the completion of DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

G2 phase

Question 12

In a plant cell, which process is responsible for dividing the cytoplasm after mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Assembly of a cell plate from vesicles

Question 13

Which of the following statements about sister chromatids is correct?

Accepted Answer

They are identical copies of a chromosome attached at the centromere

Question 14

A cell is observed with two nuclei but has not yet divided into two separate cells. Which stage is this?

Accepted Answer

Telophase

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why mitosis is essential for multicellular organisms?

Accepted Answer

It allows for growth and replacement of somatic cells

Question 16

During anaphase, what mechanism is responsible for the movement of chromosomes toward the poles?

Accepted Answer

Motor proteins 'walk' chromosomes along microtubules as microtubules depolymerize at the kinetochore end

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a function of the cell cycle?

Accepted Answer

Reduction of chromosome number in somatic cells

Question 18

If a cell fails to replicate its DNA before entering M phase, what is the most likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

The cell will have half the normal number of chromosomes after division

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of centrosomes during mitosis?

Accepted Answer

They organize the spindle apparatus for chromosome movement

Question 20

A researcher observes a cell in which chromosomes are not condensed and are not replicated. Which phase is the cell most likely in?

Accepted Answer

G1 phase

ch 12 pt 1

스터디 가이드 - 연습 문제

학습 가이드 - 플래시카드