Question 1

Which phase in the diagram above (I–V) corresponds to the S phase of the cell cycle, where DNA replication occurs?

Accepted Answer

Phase II

Question 2

During which phase in the diagram does the cell have twice the normal amount of DNA, but has not yet divided?

Accepted Answer

Phase III

Question 3

If a cell starts with 8 chromosomes in G1, how many chromatids will be present during metaphase II of meiosis?

Accepted Answer

$$8$$

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the role of the spindle apparatus during mitosis?

Accepted Answer

It separates sister chromatids by attaching to their centromeres and pulling them toward opposite poles.

Question 5

At which checkpoint does the cell verify that DNA is undamaged and conditions are favorable for division?

Accepted Answer

G1 checkpoint

Question 6

Which of the following events increases genetic variation during meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Crossing over during prophase I

Question 7

A cell with a karyotype showing three copies of chromosome 21 is an example of which type of mutation?

Accepted Answer

Nondisjunction

Question 8

Which enzyme is responsible for joining Okazaki fragments during DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

DNA ligase

Question 9

Which of the following best describes a ribozyme?

Accepted Answer

An RNA molecule with catalytic activity

Question 10

If a DNA sample contains 30% adenine, what percentage of guanine would you expect to find?

Accepted Answer

$$20\%$$

Question 11

Which chemical bonds hold the two strands of the DNA double helix together?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of incomplete dominance?

Accepted Answer

A cross between red and white flowers producing pink offspring

Question 13

What is the function of telomerase in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

It extends the ends of chromosomes to prevent loss of genetic material during replication.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes pleiotropy?

Accepted Answer

A single gene affects multiple traits

Question 15

Which process is responsible for the separation of homologous chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

Anaphase I of meiosis

Question 16

Which of the following statements about linked genes is correct?

Accepted Answer

They are located close together on the same chromosome and tend to be inherited together.

Question 17

What is the function of the SRY gene in humans?

Accepted Answer

It triggers the development of male characteristics.

Question 18

During which stage of mitosis do chromosomes first become visible under a light microscope?

Accepted Answer

Prophase

Question 19

Which of the following best describes a dihybrid cross?

Accepted Answer

A cross involving two different traits, each determined by different genes

Question 20

Which of the following is a function of the spliceosome?

Accepted Answer

It removes introns from pre-mRNA and joins exons together.

Cell Cycle, Chromosome Structure, and Genetics Study Guide – Step-by-Step Guidance

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