Question 1

During which phase of mitosis do sister chromatids separate and move toward opposite poles of the cell?

Accepted Answer

Anaphase

Question 2

If a human cell is in metaphase of mitosis, how many chromosomes are present?

Accepted Answer

$$46$$

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the difference between mitosis and meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis produces two identical diploid cells, while meiosis produces four genetically unique haploid cells.

Question 4

A cell with $$2n = 46$$ chromosomes undergoes meiosis. How many chromosomes will each gamete contain after meiosis is complete?

Accepted Answer

$$23$$

Question 5

Which event occurs during prophase I of meiosis but not during mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Crossing over between homologous chromosomes

Question 6

If a cell fails the spindle checkpoint during mitosis, what is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

The cell will pause in metaphase until all chromosomes are properly attached

Question 7

A person with genotype $$Hb^A Hb^S$$ for hemoglobin is considered to have which phenotype?

Accepted Answer

Carrier for sickle cell trait

Question 8

Which of the following statements about homologous chromosomes is correct?

Accepted Answer

They carry the same genes but may have different alleles

Question 9

During which stage of meiosis do homologous chromosomes separate?

Accepted Answer

Meiosis I, anaphase I

Question 10

If a human cell is in anaphase of mitosis, how many chromatids are present in total?

Accepted Answer

$$92$$

Question 11

A mutation occurs in a gene that controls the spindle checkpoint. What is a possible outcome for the cell?

Accepted Answer

The cell may divide with unequal chromosome numbers, leading to aneuploidy

Question 12

Which of the following is true regarding the number of chromosomes in a human cell during metaphase of meiosis I?

Accepted Answer

$$46$$

Question 13

A cell is observed to have chromosomes aligned in the center of the cell, each consisting of two sister chromatids. Which phase is this cell most likely in?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why individuals who are heterozygous for sickle cell allele ($$Hb^A Hb^S) $$have a selective advantage in malaria-endemic regions?

Accepted Answer

They are resistant to malaria due to altered red blood cell shape

Question 15

If nondisjunction occurs during meiosis II in a human cell, what is the possible chromosomal outcome in the resulting gametes?

Accepted Answer

Some gametes will have $$24$$ chromosomes, some will have $$22$$

Question 16

Which checkpoint ensures that all chromosomes are properly attached to the spindle before the cell proceeds to anaphase?

Accepted Answer

Spindle checkpoint (M checkpoint)

Question 17

A cell in G1 phase of the cell cycle has $$2n = 46$$ chromosomes. How many DNA molecules are present?

Accepted Answer

$$46$$

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a function of mitosis in multicellular organisms?

Accepted Answer

Production of gametes

Question 19

A patient is found to have cells with an abnormal number of chromosomes (aneuploidy). Which process most likely failed during cell division?

Accepted Answer

Proper attachment of spindle fibers during metaphase

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the genetic relationship between the two cells produced by mitosis?

Accepted Answer

They are genetically identical to each other and to the parent cell

Cell Division and Genetics: Practice Problems and Study Guide

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