Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between mitosis and meiosis in terms of chromosome number in the resulting cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis produces diploid cells, while meiosis produces haploid cells.

Question 2

A cell with 2n = 46 chromosomes undergoes meiosis. How many chromosomes will each gamete contain after meiosis is complete?

Accepted Answer

$$23$$

Question 3

During which phase of meiosis does crossing over occur, and what is its significance?

Accepted Answer

Crossing over occurs during prophase I and increases genetic variation.

Question 4

A patient is diagnosed with Down syndrome. Which chromosomal abnormality is most likely present in their karyotype?

Accepted Answer

Trisomy of chromosome 21

Question 5

Which of the following best explains the role of tumor suppressor genes in cancer development?

Accepted Answer

They inhibit cell division, and when inactivated, can lead to cancer.

Question 6

A woman with genotype $$X^N X^n ($$where $$N is $$normal and $$n is a $$recessive allele for color blindness) marries a man with genotype $$X^n Y. $$What is the probability that their son will be color blind?

Accepted Answer

$$0.25$$

Question 7

Which checkpoint in the cell cycle is primarily responsible for ensuring that DNA is undamaged before replication begins?

Accepted Answer

G1 checkpoint

Question 8

A plant cell is observed forming a cell plate during cytokinesis. What does this indicate about the type of cell division occurring?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis in a plant cell

Question 9

If a genetic disorder is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner, which of the following genotypes would express the disorder?

Accepted Answer

Homozygous recessive

Question 10

Which of the following best describes independent assortment?

Accepted Answer

The random alignment of homologous chromosomes during metaphase I of meiosis

Question 11

A pedigree shows a trait that appears in every generation and affects both males and females equally. What is the most likely mode of inheritance?

Accepted Answer

Autosomal dominant

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of incomplete dominance?

Accepted Answer

A red-flowered plant crossed with a white-flowered plant produces pink-flowered offspring.

Question 13

A man with genotype $$AaBb ($$unlinked genes) is crossed with a woman with genotype $$aabb. $$What is the probability that their child will have genotype $$Aabb$$?

Accepted Answer

$$0.25$$

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the multiple hit hypothesis in cancer development?

Accepted Answer

Multiple mutations in different genes are required for a cell to become cancerous.

Question 15

Which of the following is true regarding nondisjunction during meiosis?

Accepted Answer

It can lead to aneuploidy, such as trisomy or monosomy.

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why pea plants were an ideal organism for Mendel's genetic experiments?

Accepted Answer

They have easily observable traits and can self- or cross-pollinate.

Question 17

A woman with Turner syndrome has which of the following karyotypes?

Accepted Answer

$$45, X$$

Question 18

Which of the following best describes pleiotropy?

Accepted Answer

One gene affects multiple traits.

Question 19

Which of the following is a real-world example of a disease caused by a defect in a single gene, demonstrating pleiotropy?

Accepted Answer

Phenylketonuria (PKU)

Question 20

A cell is observed to have a cleavage furrow forming. What does this indicate about the cell?

Accepted Answer

It is an animal cell undergoing cytokinesis.

Cell Division, Genetics, and Heredity: Study Guide for General Biology

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