Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between mitosis and meiosis in terms of chromosome number in the resulting cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis produces cells with the same chromosome number as the parent cell, while meiosis produces cells with half the chromosome number.

Question 2

A human somatic cell contains 46 chromosomes. After meiosis, how many chromosomes will each resulting gamete contain?

Accepted Answer

$$23$$

Question 3

During which phase of mitosis do the sister chromatids separate and move toward opposite poles of the cell?

Accepted Answer

Anaphase

Question 4

Which of the following statements about DNA replication is correct?

Accepted Answer

DNA replication is semiconservative, with each new DNA molecule containing one old and one new strand.

Question 5

If a cell fails to undergo cytokinesis after mitosis, what will be the result?

Accepted Answer

One cell with two nuclei, each with a complete set of chromosomes.

Question 6

Which enzyme is responsible for unwinding the DNA double helix during replication?

Accepted Answer

Helicase

Question 7

A mutation occurs that prevents the formation of the mitotic spindle. Which stage of mitosis will be directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why cancer cells can form tumors?

Accepted Answer

They do not respond to density-dependent inhibition and anchorage dependence.

Question 9

Crossing over during meiosis increases genetic variation by:

Accepted Answer

Exchanging DNA between homologous chromosomes.

Question 10

If a diploid organism has a total of $$2n = 8$$ chromosomes, how many different combinations of chromosomes are possible in its gametes due to independent assortment alone?

Accepted Answer

$$2^4 = 16$

Question 11

Which of the following is a key difference between sexual and asexual reproduction?

Accepted Answer

Sexual reproduction increases genetic variation among offspring.

Question 12

During DNA replication, which enzyme synthesizes the RNA primer required to start the new DNA strand?

Accepted Answer

Primase

Question 13

A cell is observed to have chromosomes aligned at the metaphase plate, with spindle fibers attached to kinetochores. Which phase is this cell in?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the role of DNA ligase during DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

Joins Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand.

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a source of genetic variation in sexually reproducing organisms?

Accepted Answer

Replication of DNA during S phase.

Question 16

A scientist observes a cell with two nuclei, each containing a full set of chromosomes, but the cell has not divided. What process has failed to occur?

Accepted Answer

Cytokinesis

Question 17

Which of the following statements about homologous chromosomes is correct?

Accepted Answer

They carry genes for the same traits at the same loci.

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why the leading and lagging strands are synthesized differently during DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

DNA polymerase can only add nucleotides to the 3' end of a growing DNA strand.

Question 19

A cell is exposed to a chemical that prevents the formation of the cell plate during plant cell division. What is the most likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

The cell will not complete cytokinesis, resulting in a single cell with two nuclei.

Question 20

Which of the following is a function of the enzyme topoisomerase during DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

Relieves tension ahead of the replication fork by cutting and rejoining DNA strands.

Cell Division, Reproduction, and DNA Replication: General Biology Study Notes

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