Question 1

Which of the following best describes the orientation of phospholipids in the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Hydrophilic heads face outward toward the aqueous environment, and hydrophobic tails face inward toward each other.

Question 2

A patient receives an intravenous (IV) solution of 0.45% saline. What type of solution is this relative to their blood cells, and what is the expected effect?

Accepted Answer

Hypotonic; blood cells will gain water and may burst.

Question 3

Which factor would most likely increase the fluidity of a cell membrane in an Arctic fish?

Accepted Answer

Increasing the proportion of unsaturated fatty acid tails in phospholipids.

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a major function of membrane proteins?

Accepted Answer

Energy production via glycolysis

Question 5

A red blood cell is placed in pure water. What will happen to the cell, and why?

Accepted Answer

It will swell and may burst due to water entering the cell by osmosis.

Question 6

Which equation best represents the net movement of water during osmosis across a selectively permeable membrane?

Accepted Answer

$$\Delta \Psi = \Psi_{outside} - \Psi_{inside}$$

Question 7

Which type of membrane protein spans the entire phospholipid bilayer and is often involved in transporting molecules across the membrane?

Accepted Answer

Transmembrane proteins

Question 8

A plant cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What is the most likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

The cell will become plasmolyzed as water leaves the cell.

Question 9

Which of the following molecules can most easily cross the phospholipid bilayer by simple diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen ($$O_2)$$

Question 10

Which statement best explains why cholesterol is important in the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

It stabilizes membrane fluidity at both high and low temperatures.

Question 11

A patient with hyponatremia (low sodium levels) is given a hypertonic IV solution. What is the physiological rationale for this treatment?

Accepted Answer

To cause water to move out of cells, restoring sodium balance.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes selective permeability of the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Some substances can cross more easily than others due to membrane structure.

Question 13

Which process is responsible for the movement of water across a cell membrane from an area of low solute concentration to high solute concentration?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis

Question 14

Which of the following is a function of membrane carbohydrates?

Accepted Answer

Cell recognition

Question 15

Which of the following is true about passive transport?

Accepted Answer

It moves molecules down their concentration gradient without energy input.

Question 16

A cell is placed in an isotonic solution. What will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

It will remain unchanged as there is no net movement of water.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Movement of molecules through the membrane using transport proteins, down their concentration gradient.

Question 18

Which of the following is a plausible consequence of excessive water intake, as seen in water intoxication?

Accepted Answer

Blood becomes hypotonic, causing cells to swell and possibly burst.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct statement about the difference between animal and plant cells in response to hypotonic solutions?

Accepted Answer

Animal cells may burst, but plant cells become turgid due to their cell wall.

Cell Membrane Structure and Transport: General Biology Study Notes

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