Q: Which equation correctly represents the electrochemical gradient for an ion across a membrane?

$$E = \frac{RT}{zF} \ln \left( \frac{[\text{ion}]_{\text{outside}}}{[\text{ion}]_{\text{inside}}} \right)$$

Question 1

Which statement best describes the fluid mosaic model of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

The membrane consists of a phospholipid bilayer with proteins and cholesterol that move laterally, creating a dynamic and flexible structure.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a function of membrane proteins?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizing phospholipids for the membrane.

Question 3

Integral membrane proteins differ from peripheral membrane proteins in that:

Accepted Answer

Integral proteins are embedded within the lipid bilayer and often span the membrane, while peripheral proteins are attached to the surface.

Question 4

Which of the following best describes facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Movement of molecules down their concentration gradient through a membrane protein, without energy input.

Question 5

A cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

It will lose water and shrink as water moves out of the cell.

Question 6

Which equation correctly represents the electrochemical gradient for an ion across a membrane?

Accepted Answer

$$E = \frac{RT}{zF} \ln \left( \frac{[	ext{ion}]_{	ext{outside}}}{[	ext{ion}]_{	ext{inside}}} ight)$$

Question 7

Which of the following best distinguishes channel proteins from carrier proteins?

Accepted Answer

Channel proteins form hydrophilic pores for passive movement, while carrier proteins undergo conformational changes to move molecules.

Question 8

Which process requires energy input from ATP?

Accepted Answer

Active transport of Na$$^+$$ and K$$^+$$ via the Na/K pump.

Question 9

What is the main function of the Na/K pump in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

To actively transport Na$$^+$$ out and K$$^+$$ into the cell, maintaining electrochemical gradients.

Question 10

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates cotransport?

Accepted Answer

Glucose is transported into a cell using the energy from Na$$^+$$ moving down its gradient.

Question 11

A plant cell in a hypotonic solution will:

Accepted Answer

Become turgid as water enters the cell.

Question 12

Which stage of cell signaling involves the conversion of a signal to a cellular response?

Accepted Answer

Transduction

Question 13

Which of the following would increase membrane fluidity?

Accepted Answer

Increasing the proportion of unsaturated fatty acids in phospholipids.

Question 14

Which process is best described by the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration to high solute concentration?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct prediction for the flow of osmosis based on tonicity?

Accepted Answer

Water will move from a hypotonic solution into a hypertonic cell.

Question 16

Which of the following is an example of endocytosis?

Accepted Answer

A white blood cell engulfing a bacterium.

Question 17

Which formula best represents the calculation of osmotic pressure?

Accepted Answer

$$\Pi = iMRT$$

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a stage of cell signaling?

Accepted Answer

Replication

Question 19

A cell is placed in an isotonic solution. What will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

It will remain the same size as water moves in and out equally.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes phagocytosis?

Accepted Answer

The engulfment of large particles or cells by the cell membrane.

Cell Membrane Structure and Transport Mechanisms: Study Notes EOC Ch 5 Need to know slide

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