Question 1

Which of the following best describes the amphipathic nature of phospholipids in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

They have both a hydrophilic head and a hydrophobic tail.

Question 2

Which factor would most likely increase the fluidity of a cell membrane at low temperatures?

Accepted Answer

Increasing the proportion of unsaturated fatty acids in phospholipids.

Question 3

A red blood cell is placed in a solution and swells until it bursts. Which term best describes the tonicity of the solution relative to the cell?

Accepted Answer

Hypotonic

Question 4

Which of the following molecules can most easily diffuse through the plasma membrane without the aid of a protein transporter?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen ($$O_2)$$

Question 5

Which of the following best explains the role of cholesterol in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

It stabilizes membrane fluidity by preventing extremes of rigidity or fluidity.

Question 6

A plant cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What is the most likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

The cell will lose water and undergo plasmolysis.

Question 7

Which of the following is a function of glycoproteins in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Cell recognition, such as in immune response and blood type determination.

Question 8

Which type of membrane protein is most likely to be involved in signal transduction?

Accepted Answer

Receptor protein

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the direction of water movement during osmosis?

Accepted Answer

From a region of low solute concentration to a region of high solute concentration.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes active transport across the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Movement of molecules against their concentration gradient using energy from ATP.

Question 11

A white blood cell engulfs a bacterium by surrounding it with its plasma membrane. What is this process called?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis

Question 12

Which of the following is true about facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

It requires a membrane protein but does not require energy.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the function of integrins in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

They connect the cytoskeleton to the extracellular matrix.

Question 14

A cell is placed in an isotonic solution. What will happen to the cell's volume?

Accepted Answer

It will remain the same.

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why ions such as $$Na^+$$ and $$K^+$$ cannot freely cross the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

They are charged and hydrophilic, so they require specific transport proteins.

Question 16

Which of the following is an example of bulk transport?

Accepted Answer

Exocytosis

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the electrochemical gradient across a membrane?

Accepted Answer

It is the combined effect of a chemical concentration gradient and an electrical gradient.

Question 18

Which of the following is a real-life example of cell recognition mediated by glycoproteins?

Accepted Answer

Blood type compatibility during transfusions.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of channel proteins in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

They provide a hydrophilic pathway for specific molecules or ions to cross the membrane.

Question 20

A cell uses the sodium-potassium pump to maintain a high concentration of $$K^+$$ inside and $$Na^+$$ outside. Which equation best represents the energy requirement for this process?

Accepted Answer

$$ATP ightarrow ADP + P_i + 	ext{energy}$$

Cell Membrane Structure and Transport: Study Guide

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