Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main function of the Na	extsuperscript{+}/K	extsuperscript{+} pump in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

It generates an electrochemical gradient by actively transporting Na	extsuperscript{+} out and K	extsuperscript{+} into the cell, using ATP.

Question 2

Which equation correctly represents the calculation of solute potential ($$\Psi_s) in $$plant cells?

Accepted Answer

$$\Psi_s = -iCRT$$

Question 3

A cell with a water potential ($$\Psi) of -7.5 $$bars is placed in an open beaker solution with a $$\Psi of -4 $$bars. What will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

Water will move out of the cell, causing it to shrink.

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a type of endocytosis?

Accepted Answer

Exocytosis

Question 5

Why is active transport necessary for cells?

Accepted Answer

It creates electrochemical gradients, enabling cells to store energy and perform work.

Question 6

Which of the following statements about water potential ($$\Psi) is $$correct?

Accepted Answer

Water moves from areas of high $$\Psi to $$low $$\Psi.$$

Question 7

A plant cell is placed in a solution with a lower solute concentration than its cytoplasm. What will happen?

Accepted Answer

Water will move into the cell, increasing turgor pressure.

Question 8

Which process requires energy input from ATP to move substances against their concentration gradient?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 9

What is the primary role of proton pumps in cellular membranes?

Accepted Answer

To generate voltage across membranes by actively transporting protons out of the cell.

Question 10

A solution contains 0.1 M sucrose at 25$$^\circC. $$Calculate the solute potential ($$\Psi_s) $$using $$i = 1$$, $$R = 0.0831 L $$bar/mol K, and $$T = 298 K.$$

Accepted Answer

$$\Psi_s = -2.48$$ bars

Question 11

Which of the following best describes cotransport?

Accepted Answer

A membrane protein enables the downhill diffusion of one solute to drive the uphill transport of another.

Question 12

Which of the following is a real-life example of osmoregulation in freshwater protists?

Accepted Answer

Use of contractile vacuole to pump out excess water.

Question 13

Which of the following is true about bulk transport?

Accepted Answer

It includes endocytosis and exocytosis for transporting large molecules.

Question 14

A cell containing 0.6 M glucose is in equilibrium with a surrounding solution containing 0.5 M glucose in an open container. What is the cell's $$\Psi_s if$$ $$i = 1$$, $$R = 0.0831 L $$bar/mol K, and $$T = 298 K$$?

Accepted Answer

$$\Psi_s = -14.9$$ bars

Question 15

Which of the following statements about passive transport is correct?

Accepted Answer

It moves substances down their concentration gradients.

Question 16

In which direction will osmotic flow occur if chamber A has $$\Psi = -2000$$ kPa and chamber B has $$\Psi = -1000$$ kPa?

Accepted Answer

From chamber A to chamber B

Question 17

Which of the following is a key difference between facilitated diffusion and active transport?

Accepted Answer

Facilitated diffusion moves substances down their concentration gradient, while active transport moves them against the gradient.

Question 18

Which of the following would decrease the water potential ($$\Psi) of a $$solution?

Accepted Answer

Increasing solute concentration

Question 19

Which of the following is true about receptor-mediated endocytosis?

Accepted Answer

It involves specific binding of molecules to receptors on the cell surface before vesicle formation.

Cell Membrane Transport and Water Potential: Study Notes for General Biology

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