Question 1

Which of the following best describes the 'fluid mosaic model' of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

A dynamic structure with proteins and other molecules moving within a flexible phospholipid bilayer.

Question 2

Which component of the plasma membrane is primarily responsible for cell recognition and communication?

Accepted Answer

Glycoproteins

Question 3

A red blood cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. Which type of membrane transport will primarily occur, and what is the likely outcome for the cell?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis; the cell will swell and may burst.

Question 4

Which of the following processes requires energy input in the form of ATP?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 5

A cell is observed to engulf large particles by wrapping its membrane around them and forming a vesicle. What is this process called?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis

Question 6

Which of the following best explains how enzymes speed up chemical reactions in cells?

Accepted Answer

They lower the activation energy ($$E_a) $$required for the reaction.

Question 7

Consider the following reaction: $$C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2 ightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + 	ext{Energy}. $$What type of reaction is this, and what is its $$\Delta G$$?

Accepted Answer

Exergonic; $$\Delta G is $$negative

Question 8

During cellular respiration, which process directly produces the most ATP?

Accepted Answer

Oxidative phosphorylation (chemiosmosis)

Question 9

In the electron transport chain, what is the main role of the proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane?

Accepted Answer

To drive the production of ATP via ATP synthase

Question 10

A flask containing photosynthetic algae is sealed and exposed to light. Over time, what will happen to the levels of $$CO_2$$ and $$O_2 in $$the flask?

Accepted Answer

$$CO_2$$ will decrease and $$O_2$$ will increase

Question 11

If a yeast culture is placed in a sealed flask with glucose and all oxygen is removed, which metabolic process will the yeast primarily use, and what byproduct will accumulate?

Accepted Answer

Alcoholic fermentation; ethanol

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration in the global carbon cycle?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis absorbs $$CO_2$$ and cellular respiration releases it.

Question 13

Which of the following statements about signal transduction in cells is correct?

Accepted Answer

Signal transduction involves a series of relay molecules that transmit a signal from a receptor to a cellular response.

Question 14

Which of the following is an example of reaction coupling in cells?

Accepted Answer

Using the energy from ATP hydrolysis to drive an endergonic reaction

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why enzymes do not affect the overall free energy change ($$\Delta G) of a $$reaction?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes lower the activation energy but do not alter the energy difference between reactants and products.

Question 16

Which of the following is true about the light reactions of photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

They generate ATP and NADPH, which are used in the Calvin cycle.

Question 17

A scientist measures the oxygen concentration in a flask containing yeast and glucose in the dark. What will happen to the oxygen and carbon dioxide levels over time?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen will remain unchanged and carbon dioxide will increase due to fermentation.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis → Pyruvate oxidation → Citric acid cycle → Oxidative phosphorylation

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of ATP in cellular processes?

Accepted Answer

ATP provides energy for most cellular work by transferring a phosphate group.

Question 20

If a mutation prevents the formation of the proton gradient in mitochondria, which process will be directly affected?

Accepted Answer

ATP synthesis by ATP synthase

Cell Membranes, Transport, and Cellular Energy: Study Notes for General Biology

스터디 가이드 - 연습 문제

학습 가이드 - 플래시카드