$$\text{C}_6\text{H}_{12}\text{O}_6 + 6\text{O}_2 \rightarrow 6\text{CO}_2 + 6\text{H}_2\text{O} + 32\text{ATP}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the amphipathic nature of phospholipids in the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipids have both hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions, enabling the formation of a bilayer.

Question 2

A cell is placed in a solution with a lower solute concentration than its cytoplasm. What type of solution is this, and what will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

Hypotonic; the cell will swell as water enters.

Question 3

Which process requires energy input to move molecules against their concentration gradient?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 4

Which of the following is a function of cholesterol in the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

It provides rigidity and modulates membrane fluidity.

Question 5

During cellular respiration, which molecule is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain?

Accepted Answer

O$$_2$$

Question 6

Which equation correctly represents the net ATP yield from aerobic respiration of one glucose molecule in eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{C}_6	ext{H}_{12}	ext{O}_6 + 6	ext{O}_2 ightarrow 6	ext{CO}_2 + 6	ext{H}_2	ext{O} + 32	ext{ATP}$$

Question 7

Which of the following statements about facilitated diffusion is correct?

Accepted Answer

It uses carrier proteins to move molecules down their concentration gradient.

Question 8

In photosynthesis, what is the role of the pigment chlorophyll?

Accepted Answer

It absorbs light energy and transfers excited electrons to the electron transport chain.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the function of aquaporins in the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

They form channels specific for water molecules, facilitating osmosis.

Question 10

Which metabolic pathway occurs in the cytoplasm and produces pyruvate as its end product?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis

Question 11

Which statement about redox reactions in cellular respiration is correct?

Accepted Answer

Oxidation is the loss of electrons, and reduction is the gain of electrons.

Question 12

Which of the following is true about ATP synthase during oxidative phosphorylation?

Accepted Answer

It uses the energy from a proton gradient to synthesize ATP from ADP and Pi.

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct description of the Calvin cycle?

Accepted Answer

It uses ATP, NADPH, and CO$$_2 to $$produce sugars in the stroma of chloroplasts.

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a function of membrane proteins?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizing DNA from RNA

Question 15

Which of the following statements about fermentation is correct?

Accepted Answer

Fermentation regenerates NAD$$^+ to $$allow glycolysis to continue in the absence of oxygen.

Question 16

Which of the following is a coupled transporter that moves two molecules in opposite directions across the membrane?

Accepted Answer

Antiporter

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why ATP is considered the universal energy currency of the cell?

Accepted Answer

ATP releases energy when its phosphate bonds are broken, which can be used for cellular work.

Question 18

Which of the following is true about the movement of water in osmosis?

Accepted Answer

Water moves from an area of low solute concentration to high solute concentration.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct statement about the electron transport chain in mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

Electrons are transferred from NADH and FADH$$_2 to O$_2$$, producing water.

Question 20

Which of the following is a real-world example of active transport in human cells?

Accepted Answer

Na$$^+/K$^+$$ ATPase pumping Na$$^+$$ out and K$$^+$$ into nerve cells

Cell Membranes, Transport, and Metabolic Pathways: Study Notes for General Biology

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