Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of tight junctions in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

They prevent the passage of materials between cells, maintaining distinct compartments.

Question 2

A patient is suffering from dehydration. Which cellular process is most directly affected by the lack of water in the extracellular environment?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis, leading to water movement out of the cell.

Question 3

Which equation correctly represents the net movement of water during osmosis?

Accepted Answer

$$J = -L_p (\Delta P - \sigma \Delta \pi)$$

Question 4

If a cell is placed in a hypertonic solution, what will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

It will shrink as water moves out of the cell.

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why sodium-potassium pumps are essential for nerve cell function?

Accepted Answer

They maintain the resting membrane potential by actively transporting ions against their concentration gradients.

Question 6

A researcher observes that a cell is able to maintain a higher concentration of potassium ions inside than outside. Which process is responsible for this?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 7

Which of the following is a direct consequence of the failure of desmosomes in epithelial tissue?

Accepted Answer

Cells lose mechanical strength and may detach from each other.

Question 8

A plant cell is placed in pure water. Which of the following best describes the expected outcome?

Accepted Answer

The cell will gain water and become turgid due to osmotic pressure.

Question 9

Which formula best represents the energy required to move ions against their concentration gradient?

Accepted Answer

$$\Delta G = RT \ln \left( \frac{[C]_2}{[C]_1} \right) + zF\Delta \psi$$

Question 10

A cell is exposed to a toxin that blocks all ATP production. Which transport process will be most immediately affected?

Accepted Answer

Active transport of sodium ions

Question 11

Which of the following best describes facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Movement of molecules down their concentration gradient via specific membrane proteins.

Question 12

A patient is given an intravenous solution that is hypotonic compared to their blood plasma. What is the most likely effect on their red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

Red blood cells will swell and may burst.

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a function of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizing proteins for cellular use

Question 14

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the concept of selective permeability?

Accepted Answer

A cell only allows water and small nonpolar molecules to pass through, while restricting ions and large polar molecules.

Question 15

Which equation describes the rate of simple diffusion across a membrane?

Accepted Answer

$$J = -D \frac{dC}{dx}$$

Question 16

A cell in an isotonic solution will:

Accepted Answer

Maintain its normal shape with no net movement of water.

Question 17

Which of the following is a real-world example of active transport in human physiology?

Accepted Answer

Sodium ions being pumped out of nerve cells by the Na+/K+ ATPase.

Question 18

Which of the following statements about gap junctions is correct?

Accepted Answer

They allow direct electrical and chemical communication between adjacent cells.

Question 19

A cell is placed in a solution with a higher solute concentration than its cytoplasm. Which term best describes this solution?

Accepted Answer

Hypertonic

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why plant cells do not burst when placed in pure water?

Accepted Answer

They possess a rigid cell wall that resists osmotic pressure.

Cell Membranes, Transport, and Osmosis: General Biology Study Notes

스터디 가이드 - 연습 문제

학습 가이드 - 플래시카드