Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of the plasma membrane in a cell?

Accepted Answer

It isolates the cell's internal environment, regulates material flow, and allows communication with other cells.

Question 2

A scientist discovers a cell with no nucleus, circular DNA in a nucleoid region, and a cell wall. Which type of cell is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cell

Question 3

Which organelle is responsible for producing ATP by extracting energy from organic molecules, and what is the name of the highly folded inner membrane structure that increases its surface area?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion; cristae

Question 4

A mutation prevents the formation of the matrix in mitochondria. Which cellular process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

ATP production via the Krebs cycle

Question 5

Which of the following correctly matches the organelle with its function?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus – modification and sorting of proteins

Question 6

A cell is observed to have many ribosomes attached to its endoplasmic reticulum. What is the most likely function of this cell?

Accepted Answer

Production of secretory proteins

Question 7

Which of the following structures is found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and is directly involved in protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome

Question 8

A researcher isolates a membrane-bound organelle containing hydrolytic enzymes. Which organelle has she most likely found, and what is its primary function?

Accepted Answer

Lysosome; intracellular digestion

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why eukaryotic cells are compartmentalized into organelles?

Accepted Answer

To provide localized environments for specific metabolic processes and sequester reactions

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a component of the eukaryotic endomembrane system?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Question 11

A cell is unable to synthesize phospholipids and steroids. Which organelle is most likely malfunctioning?

Accepted Answer

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 12

Which of the following sequences correctly describes the pathway of a secretory protein from synthesis to export?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome → Rough ER → Golgi apparatus → Plasma membrane

Question 13

Which structure in prokaryotic cells is primarily responsible for attachment to surfaces or other cells?

Accepted Answer

Pili

Question 14

A plant cell is observed to have stacks of thylakoids. What is the name of these stacks, and what process occurs there?

Accepted Answer

Grana; photosynthesis

Question 15

Which of the following statements about ribosomes is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes are the sites of protein synthesis and are found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

Question 16

A cell is observed to have a double membrane, its own DNA, and ribosomes, and can grow and reproduce independently. Which organelle is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the function of the cytoskeleton?

Accepted Answer

It provides structural support and facilitates movement and shape changes in the cell.

Question 18

If a eukaryotic cell's Golgi apparatus is damaged, which process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Modification and sorting of proteins for secretion

Question 19

Which of the following equations best represents the production of ATP in mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + 6\mathrm{O_2$} \rightarrow 6\mathrm{CO_2$} + 6\mathrm{H_2O} + \mathrm{ATP}$$

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct statement about chromatin?

Accepted Answer

Chromatin is a complex of DNA and histone proteins found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.

Cell Structure and Function: A Study Guide

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