Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (Rough ER) in a eukaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis and membrane production

Question 2

A protein that is destined to be secreted from a cell follows which correct sequence of organelles and processes?

Accepted Answer

DNA $$\rightarrow$$ mRNA $$\rightarrow$$ bound ribosome in Rough ER $$\rightarrow$$ transport vesicle $$\rightarrow$$ Golgi apparatus $$\rightarrow$$ transport vesicle $$\rightarrow$$ cell membrane

Question 3

Which organelle is primarily responsible for the safe management of hydrogen peroxide ($$\mathrm{H_2O_2}) $$and detoxification reactions in the cell?

Accepted Answer

Peroxisome

Question 4

A mutation prevents the formation of the nucleolus in a cell. Which process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome manufacturing

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a function of the cytoskeleton?

Accepted Answer

Storing genetic information

Question 6

A scientist observes a membrane-bound sac in a plant cell that is large and appears to store water and nutrients. Which organelle is being observed?

Accepted Answer

Vacuole

Question 7

Which evidence best supports the endosymbiotic theory for the origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts?

Accepted Answer

They contain their own DNA and can reproduce independently within the cell

Question 8

A cell is exposed to a toxin that inhibits the Golgi apparatus. Which of the following processes would be most directly impaired?

Accepted Answer

Modification and shipping of proteins

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the difference between bound and free ribosomes?

Accepted Answer

Bound ribosomes synthesize proteins for export or membranes, while free ribosomes synthesize proteins for use in the cytosol.

Question 10

A patient has a genetic disorder that causes malfunctioning lysosomes. Which of the following symptoms would most likely be observed?

Accepted Answer

Accumulation of undigested cellular waste

Question 11

Which organelle is directly involved in the conversion of sunlight into chemical energy in the form of glucose?

Accepted Answer

Chloroplast

Question 12

If a cell's smooth endoplasmic reticulum (Smooth ER) is damaged, which of the following processes would be most affected?

Accepted Answer

Lipid synthesis and toxin processing

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why mitochondria are often called the 'powerhouse of the cell'?

Accepted Answer

They generate ATP through cellular respiration

Question 14

A researcher is studying a cell that lacks a functional endomembrane system. Which of the following processes would be most directly disrupted?

Accepted Answer

Protein modification and transport

Question 15

Which of the following correctly matches the organelle with its primary function?

Accepted Answer

Lysosome: breakdown of cellular waste

Question 16

A cell is observed to have an abundance of peroxisomes. Which of the following is the most likely explanation for this observation?

Accepted Answer

The cell is actively involved in detoxifying harmful substances.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the role of vesicles in the cell?

Accepted Answer

They are membrane-bound sacs designed for transport and merging with other membranes to deliver contents.

Question 18

A protein is found in the cytosol but not in the cell membrane or outside the cell. Which pathway did it most likely follow?

Accepted Answer

DNA $$\rightarrow$$ mRNA $$\rightarrow$$ free ribosome $$\rightarrow$$ protein

Question 19

Which of the following is a key feature that mitochondria and chloroplasts share, supporting the endosymbiotic theory?

Accepted Answer

Both contain their own circular DNA and can reproduce independently within the cell

Question 20

A cell is unable to process and modify proteins after they are synthesized. Which organelle is most likely malfunctioning?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Cell Structure and Function: Ch 4

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