Question 1

Which of the following best explains why cells are generally small in size?

Accepted Answer

Smaller cells have a higher surface area to volume ratio, allowing for more efficient exchange of materials with their environment.

Question 2

A scientist observes a cell with a cell wall, plasma membrane, ribosomes, and plasmids, but no membrane-bound organelles. Which type of cell is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cell

Question 3

Which organelle is responsible for protein synthesis in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome

Question 4

Which structure in prokaryotic cells is primarily responsible for motility?

Accepted Answer

Flagellum

Question 5

A cell increases its surface area to volume ratio by developing which of the following adaptations?

Accepted Answer

Forming microvilli on its surface

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT found in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Cell wall

Question 7

According to the endosymbiotic theory, which organelle originated from a symbiotic relationship between ancient prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 8

Which equation correctly represents the calculation of surface area to volume ratio for a spherical cell?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{4 \pi r^2$}{\frac{4}{3} \pi r^3$}$$

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the function of the Golgi apparatus in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery to other organelles

Question 10

A bacterial cell is observed to have a capsule, cell wall, plasma membrane, and fimbriae. Which structure is primarily responsible for protecting the cell from desiccation and phagocytosis?

Accepted Answer

Capsule

Question 11

Which of the following statements about plasmids is correct?

Accepted Answer

Plasmids are small, circular DNA molecules found in prokaryotes that can carry genes for antibiotic resistance.

Question 12

Which organelle is found in plant cells but not in animal cells and is responsible for photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Chloroplast

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of the plasma (cell) membrane?

Accepted Answer

Regulates the entry and exit of substances into and out of the cell

Question 14

Which structure is the site of genetic recombination in prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Conjugation pilus

Question 15

A cell is observed under an electron microscope and found to contain a nucleoid region, ribosomes, and plasmids, but no nucleus. What type of cell is this?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cell

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the function of lysosomes in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Digestive vesicles that break down macromolecules, old organelles, and foreign substances

Question 17

Which of the following is a major difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles, while prokaryotic cells do not.

Question 18

Which of the following organelles is involved in lipid synthesis in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of the large central vacuole in plant cells?

Accepted Answer

Stores water, nutrients, and waste products, and helps maintain cell turgor pressure

Question 20

A cell is observed to have a cell wall made of peptidoglycan, a nucleoid region, and plasmids. Which domain does this cell most likely belong to?

Accepted Answer

Bacteria

Cell Structure and Function: Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

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