Question 1

Which of the following best explains why electron microscopes are necessary to visualize ribosomes inside a eukaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes are too small to be resolved by the wavelength of visible light used in light microscopes.

Question 2

A scientist is studying a cell that lacks a nucleus, contains a cell wall, and is 2 $$\mum in $$size. Which of the following is the most likely identity of this cell?

Accepted Answer

Bacterium

Question 3

Which of the following is a primary difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cells lack membrane-bound organelles.

Question 4

Which organelle is responsible for packaging the genetic/hereditary material in eukaryotic cells but not in prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Nucleus

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a component of the cytoskeleton in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Tight junctions

Question 6

Which two organelles are primarily responsible for producing cellular energy in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria and Chloroplasts

Question 7

A researcher observes a cell with the following features: (1) DNA in a circular form, (2) no membrane-bound organelles, and (3) division by binary fission. Which domain does this cell most likely belong to?

Accepted Answer

Bacteria

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the function of ribosomes in all types of cells?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizing proteins from amino acids

Question 9

Which of the following statements about prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells is correct?

Accepted Answer

Both have a cell membrane and contain ribosomes.

Question 10

A cell is observed to have a large central vacuole, chloroplasts, and a cell wall. Which type of cell is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Plant cell

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a common feature shared by all types of cells?

Accepted Answer

Contains a nucleus that stores the genetic material.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the Endosymbiotic Theory?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic organelles such as mitochondria and chloroplasts originated from free-living prokaryotes engulfed by ancestral eukaryotic cells.

Question 13

A scientist is using a Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) to study a cell. What is the main advantage of using TEM for this purpose?

Accepted Answer

TEM allows visualization of internal cell structures at very high resolution.

Question 14

Which of the following is a function of the Golgi apparatus in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins for secretion or delivery to other organelles.

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why prokaryotic cells are generally smaller than eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cells lack internal compartmentalization, limiting their size due to surface area-to-volume constraints.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the role of the cytoskeleton in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

It provides structural support, facilitates cell movement, and organizes organelles within the cell.

Question 17

A cell is observed to have DNA in the nucleoid region, a cell wall, and ribosomes, but no mitochondria. Which of the following best describes this cell?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cell

Question 18

Which of the following statements about the domains of life is correct?

Accepted Answer

Bacteria and Archaea are both prokaryotic domains.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the process by which ribosomes build proteins?

Accepted Answer

Translation, where mRNA is decoded to synthesize a polypeptide chain.

Cell Structure and Function: Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells, Microscopy, and Organelles

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