Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes a unique feature of prokaryotic cells compared to eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

They lack a membrane-bound nucleus.

Question 2

A scientist discovers a new cell with the following characteristics: presence of a plasma membrane, cytosol, ribosomes, and DNA, but no membrane-bound organelles. To which domain does this cell most likely belong?

Accepted Answer

Bacteria

Question 3

Which organelle is responsible for synthesizing ATP through cellular respiration and contains its own DNA and ribosomes?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 4

A mutation prevents the formation of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in a cell. Which process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis for secretion

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why peroxisomes are important for liver cells?

Accepted Answer

They detoxify alcohol by breaking down hydrogen peroxide.

Question 6

A plant cell is exposed to a toxin that disrupts the function of its thylakoid membranes. Which process will be most directly impaired?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a function of the cytoskeleton?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizing ATP

Question 8

A cell is observed to have a large number of free ribosomes in its cytosol. Which type of protein is this cell most likely producing in abundance?

Accepted Answer

Proteins that function within the cytosol

Question 9

Which of the following correctly matches the organelle with its function?

Accepted Answer

Smooth ER – lipid synthesis and detoxification

Question 10

A genetic disorder causes a defect in the enzymes of the lysosome. Which cellular process is most likely to be impaired as a result?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis and autophagy

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the structural difference between the rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

Accepted Answer

Rough ER has ribosomes attached; smooth ER does not.

Question 12

A cell is unable to package and sort proteins for delivery to their correct destinations. Which organelle is most likely malfunctioning?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 13

Which of the following reactions occurs in peroxisomes to detoxify hydrogen peroxide?

Accepted Answer

$$2H_2O_2 \rightarrow 2H_2O + O_2$

Question 14

Which of the following is a feature shared by all cells, both prokaryotic and eukaryotic?

Accepted Answer

Presence of ribosomes

Question 15

A researcher is studying a cell that contains a double membrane, its own DNA, and is involved in energy conversion. Which organelle is being studied?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why eukaryotic cells can be larger than prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

They contain membrane-bound organelles that compartmentalize functions.

Question 17

A cell is observed to have a dynamic, branched, tubular network that is constantly changing. Which structure is being described?

Accepted Answer

Cytoskeleton

Question 18

Which of the following statements about ribosomes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes are composed of RNA and protein and are not organelles.

Question 19

A mutation in a plant cell prevents the formation of the inner membrane of the chloroplast. Which process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the function of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for delivery

Cell Structure and Function: Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

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