Q: A scientist measures a spherical cell with a radius of $$2\ \mu m. $$What is the surface area to volume ratio of this cell? (Surface area of a sphere: $$4\pi r^2$, Volume: $$\frac{4}{3}\pi $$r^3)$$

$$\frac{3}{r}$$,\ \text{so}\ \frac{3}{2}\ =\ 1.5\ \mu $$m^{-1}$

Question 1

Which of the following best explains why most cells are microscopic rather than macroscopic?

Accepted Answer

Because smaller cells have a higher surface area to volume ratio, which facilitates efficient exchange of materials with their environment.

Question 2

A scientist measures a spherical cell with a radius of $$2\ \mu m. $$What is the surface area to volume ratio of this cell? (Surface area of a sphere: $$4\pi r^2$, Volume: $$\frac{4}{3}\pi $$r^3)$$

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{3}{r}$$,\ 	ext{so}\ \frac{3}{2}\ =\ 1.5\ \mu $$m^{-1}$

Question 3

Which structure is found in all cells, both prokaryotic and eukaryotic, and is responsible for synthesizing proteins?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome

Question 4

What is the main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells regarding their genetic material?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cells lack a membrane-bound nucleus, while eukaryotic cells have their DNA enclosed within a nucleus.

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the structure of the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

A double layer of phospholipids with hydrophilic heads facing outward and hydrophobic tails facing inward.

Question 6

Why are phospholipids considered selectively permeable in the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Because their hydrophobic tails prevent certain molecules from passing while allowing others through protein channels.

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a function of the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizing proteins for the cell

Question 8

A mutation causes a cell to lose all its ribosomes. What immediate effect would this have on the cell?

Accepted Answer

The cell would be unable to synthesize proteins.

Question 9

Which of the following statements about chromosomes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Chromosomes are packages of DNA that carry genetic information for traits.

Question 10

Which cell structure is described as a jelly-like fluid inside the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Cytosol

Question 11

Which of the following is a unique feature of prokaryotic cells compared to eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Presence of a nucleoid region instead of a membrane-bound nucleus

Question 12

A bacterial cell is observed to have a flagellum. What is the primary function of this structure?

Accepted Answer

Movement of the cell through its environment

Question 13

Which of the following is true about the surface area to volume ratio as a cell increases in size?

Accepted Answer

The surface area to volume ratio decreases, making it harder for the cell to efficiently exchange materials.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the function of protein channels in the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

They allow specific molecules to pass through the membrane that cannot cross the lipid bilayer directly.

Question 15

Which organelle is responsible for packaging and modifying proteins in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 16

Which of the following is a function shared by all cell types?

Accepted Answer

Transcription of DNA to RNA

Question 17

A cell is observed to have many different microenvironments, each with specialized functions. Which type of cell is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cell

Question 18

Which of the following statements about the cell wall in prokaryotes is correct?

Accepted Answer

It provides structural support and protection to the cell.

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT found in prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Membrane-bound nucleus

Question 20

Which equation would you use to calculate the surface area to volume ratio for a cube-shaped cell with side length $$l$$?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{6l^2$}{l^3$}$$

Cell Structure and Function: Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

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