Question 1

Which of the following best explains why cells are generally small in size?

Accepted Answer

Because smaller cells have a higher surface area-to-volume ratio, which facilitates efficient exchange of materials with their environment.

Question 2

A scientist observes a cell with a nucleus, mitochondria, and chloroplasts. Which type of cell is being observed?

Accepted Answer

A eukaryotic plant cell

Question 3

Which organelle is responsible for synthesizing polypeptide chains in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome

Question 4

If a cell's diameter increases from $$x to$$ $$2x$$, by what factor does its surface area increase?

Accepted Answer

By a factor of 4

Question 5

Which of the following statements about prokaryotic cells is correct?

Accepted Answer

They lack a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.

Question 6

Which structure is primarily responsible for modifying, packaging, and sorting proteins for secretion in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 7

A mutation causes a cell to lack functional microfilaments. Which process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Cell movement and shape changes

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the function of the nucleolus?

Accepted Answer

It assembles the protein and RNA subunits of ribosomes.

Question 9

Which of the following is a function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (smooth ER)?

Accepted Answer

Lipid synthesis and detoxification

Question 10

A cell is observed to have a large central vacuole, a cell wall, and chloroplasts. Which of the following is true about this cell?

Accepted Answer

It is a plant cell.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the structure of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

A bilayer of phospholipids with embedded proteins

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT found in prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Nucleus

Question 13

Which organelle is responsible for producing most of the cell's ATP through aerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why mitochondria and chloroplasts are considered to have originated via endosymbiosis?

Accepted Answer

They contain their own DNA and ribosomes, similar to prokaryotes.

Question 15

Which cytoskeletal component is primarily involved in the movement of chromosomes during cell division?

Accepted Answer

Microtubules

Question 16

A cell is observed to have a high number of lysosomes. What is the most likely function of this cell?

Accepted Answer

Digesting and recycling cellular waste

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the function of the nuclear envelope?

Accepted Answer

It separates the contents of the nucleus from the cytoplasm.

Question 18

Which of the following is a real-world example of the importance of the surface area-to-volume ratio in biology?

Accepted Answer

The structure of alveoli in human lungs, which maximizes surface area for gas exchange.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of chromatin in the nucleus?

Accepted Answer

It is the complex of DNA and proteins that packages genetic material into a compact, organized form.

Question 20

A researcher is using a transmission electron microscope (TEM) to study a cell. What is the main advantage of using TEM over light microscopy?

Accepted Answer

TEM provides much higher resolution, allowing visualization of detailed internal cell structures.

Cell Structure and Function: Study Guide for General Biology

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