Question 1

Which of the following best explains why cells are limited in size by their surface area to volume ratio?

Accepted Answer

As a cell grows, its volume increases faster than its surface area, reducing the efficiency of material exchange across the membrane.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cells contain mitochondria, while eukaryotic cells do not.

Question 3

Which organelle is primarily responsible for the synthesis of proteins that are exported from the cell?

Accepted Answer

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 4

A mutation disrupts the function of the Golgi apparatus in a cell. Which process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Modification and sorting of proteins for secretion

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the endosymbiotic theory?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria and chloroplasts originated as free-living prokaryotes that were engulfed by ancestral eukaryotic cells.

Question 6

Which of the following structures is found in plant cells but NOT in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Chloroplast

Question 7

A scientist observes a cell with a large central vacuole, a cell wall, and chloroplasts. Which type of cell is she most likely observing?

Accepted Answer

Plant cell

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the function of lysosomes?

Accepted Answer

They contain hydrolytic enzymes that digest macromolecules and recycle cellular components.

Question 9

Which cytoskeletal component is primarily responsible for the movement of cilia and flagella?

Accepted Answer

Microtubules

Question 10

A patient has a genetic disorder that affects the function of dynein proteins. Which cellular process is most likely to be impaired?

Accepted Answer

Movement of cilia and flagella

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the pathway of a protein destined for secretion from a eukaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome → rough ER → Golgi apparatus → vesicle → plasma membrane

Question 12

Which of the following is a function of peroxisomes in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Breakdown of fatty acids and detoxification of hydrogen peroxide

Question 13

Which of the following best explains how cell junctions contribute to the coordination of cellular activities in multicellular organisms?

Accepted Answer

They allow communication and transport of materials between adjacent cells.

Question 14

Which of the following is a shared feature of both plant and animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Presence of mitochondria

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the structure of a mitochondrion?

Accepted Answer

It has a double membrane with an inner membrane folded into cristae and a matrix inside.

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a component of the cytoskeleton?

Accepted Answer

Thylakoids

Question 17

A cell is observed to have a high number of ribosomes attached to its endoplasmic reticulum. What is the most likely function of this cell?

Accepted Answer

Production of proteins for export

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why the inner membrane of mitochondria is highly folded into cristae?

Accepted Answer

To increase the surface area for ATP-producing reactions

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct match between a cytoskeletal element and its function?

Accepted Answer

Microfilaments: muscle contraction

Question 20

A researcher is studying a cell that lacks centrosomes. Which process is most likely to be affected in this cell?

Accepted Answer

Organization of microtubules during cell division

Cell Structure and Function: Study Notes for General Biology

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