Question 1

Which statement best describes a key principle of the Cell Theory as proposed by Schleiden and Schwann?

Accepted Answer

All organisms are composed of cells, and cells arise only from pre-existing cells.

Question 2

A scientist observes a cell under an electron microscope and notes the presence of a nucleoid region, ribosomes, and a cell wall, but no membrane-bound organelles. Which type of cell is being observed?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cell

Question 3

Which cellular structure is found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and is responsible for protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome

Question 4

A mutation prevents the formation of the rough endoplasmic reticulum in a cell. Which process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of proteins for secretion or for lysosomes

Question 5

Which organelle is NOT part of the endomembrane system?

Accepted Answer

Chloroplast

Question 6

A plant cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. Which organelle helps maintain the cell's tonicity and prevents it from bursting?

Accepted Answer

Central vacuole

Question 7

Which of the following is a function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of carbohydrates and detoxification of drugs

Question 8

During cellular respiration, which organelle uses oxygen and glucose to generate ATP?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 9

Which equation best represents the overall process of cellular respiration occurring in mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

$$C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + ATP$$

Question 10

A cell is observed to have a cell wall made of chitin. Which type of organism does this cell most likely belong to?

Accepted Answer

Fungus

Question 11

Which cytoskeletal element is primarily responsible for the separation of chromosomes during mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Microtubules

Question 12

A genetic disorder causes the malfunction of peroxisomes in liver cells. Which harmful byproduct would likely accumulate as a result?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen peroxide

Question 13

Which structure is present in plant cells but not in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Central vacuole

Question 14

A cell is observed to have stacks of thylakoids and its own DNA. Which organelle is being described?

Accepted Answer

Chloroplast

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why mitochondria and chloroplasts are considered semiautonomous organelles?

Accepted Answer

They contain their own DNA and ribosomes.

Question 16

Which process is most directly associated with lysosomes in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Digestion of macromolecules and recycling of damaged organelles

Question 17

A mutation in a plant cell prevents the formation of cellulose. Which cellular structure would be most affected?

Accepted Answer

Cell wall

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the function of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for transport

Question 19

Which equation represents the process of photosynthesis occurring in chloroplasts?

Accepted Answer

$$6CO_2 + 6H_2O \rightarrow C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2$$

Question 20

Which of the following is a function of actin filaments in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Amoeboid movement and cell division pinching

Chapter4: Cell Structure and Function: Study Notes for General Biology

스터디 가이드 - 연습 문제

학습 가이드 - 플래시카드