Question 1

According to Fick's Law of Diffusion, which of the following changes would most effectively increase the rate of diffusion across a cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Increasing the surface area of the membrane

Question 2

A spherical cell has a radius of $$r = 2$$ units. What is its surface area to volume ratio? (Surface area of a sphere: $$4\pi r^2$, Volume: $$\frac{4}{3}\pi $$r^3)$$

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{3}{2}$$

Question 3

Which of the following best explains why most cells are small in size?

Accepted Answer

Small cells have a higher surface area to volume ratio, allowing efficient exchange of materials.

Question 4

Which structure is found in all cell types (prokaryotes and eukaryotes) and is responsible for protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome

Question 5

A bacterial cell is exposed to penicillin. Which component of the cell is most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Peptidoglycan cell wall

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a component of the endomembrane system in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 7

A mutation prevents the formation of the nucleolus in a eukaryotic cell. Which process would be most directly impaired?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome assembly

Question 8

Which of the following statements about mitochondria and chloroplasts is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Both have double membranes and their own DNA.

Question 9

A plant cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. Which structure prevents it from bursting?

Accepted Answer

Cell wall made of cellulose

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the function of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Processes and distributes molecules via vesicular transport

Question 11

A scientist discovers a new cell with the following features: a single circular DNA molecule, no internal membranes, and a cell wall made of peptidoglycan. To which domain does this cell most likely belong?

Accepted Answer

Domain Bacteria

Question 12

Which of the following organelles is directly involved in the detoxification of drugs and poisons in liver cells?

Accepted Answer

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of the cytoskeleton in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Supporting cell shape and moving organelles

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why a neuron (nerve cell) is long and thin rather than spherical?

Accepted Answer

To increase its surface area to volume ratio for efficient signaling

Question 15

Which of the following is a key difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have internal membrane-bound organelles, prokaryotic cells do not.

Question 16

A cell is observed to have a cell wall made of chitin. This cell most likely belongs to which group?

Accepted Answer

Fungi

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the role of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

It forms a protective layer and influences cell behavior.

Question 18

Which of the following is the correct sequence for the path of a protein destined for secretion from a eukaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

Rough ER → Golgi apparatus → Vesicle → Plasma membrane

Question 19

A cell is unable to break down old organelles and macromolecules. Which organelle is most likely malfunctioning?

Accepted Answer

Lysosome

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why mitochondria are considered to have evolved from prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

They have their own DNA and ribosomes, similar to prokaryotes.

Cell Structure and Function: Surface Area, Cell Types, and Organelles

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