Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of ribosomes in a eukaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

They are responsible for the synthesis of proteins by translating mRNA.

Question 2

Which of the following structures is present in plant cells but not in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Central vacuole

Question 3

A scientist discovers a cell with the following characteristics: a nucleoid region, a cell wall, and no membrane-bound organelles. Which type of cell is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cell

Question 4

Which of the following is the correct sequence of organelles involved in the synthesis and secretion of a protein in a eukaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

Nucleus → Ribosome → Golgi body → Vesicle

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why mitochondria are often called the 'powerhouse' of the cell?

Accepted Answer

They generate ATP through cellular respiration.

Question 6

Which elements are primarily found in nucleic acids?

Accepted Answer

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus

Question 7

A mutation damages the nuclear envelope of a cell. Which process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Transport of mRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm

Question 8

Which of the following is a function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

Accepted Answer

Lipid synthesis and detoxification

Question 9

Which organelle is responsible for packaging and modifying proteins for export from the cell?

Accepted Answer

Golgi body

Question 10

A cell is observed to have a rigid outer layer, chloroplasts, and a large central vacuole. Which type of cell is this?

Accepted Answer

Plant cell

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the function of lysosomes?

Accepted Answer

They digest and recycle cellular waste.

Question 12

Which of the following statements about the cell theory is correct?

Accepted Answer

All living things are made of cells, and all cells come from pre-existing cells.

Question 13

Which of the following is the building block (monomer) of nucleic acids?

Accepted Answer

Nucleotide

Question 14

A cell is placed in a solution and begins to swell. Which structure is primarily responsible for regulating the movement of water into and out of the cell?

Accepted Answer

Plasma (cell) membrane

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the function of the cytoskeleton?

Accepted Answer

It provides structural support and facilitates cell movement.

Question 16

Which organelle is the site of photosynthesis in plant cells?

Accepted Answer

Chloroplast

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of the central vacuole in plant cells?

Accepted Answer

Storage of water and maintenance of turgor pressure

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why prokaryotic cells can reproduce more rapidly than eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

They lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, allowing for faster cell division.

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT a function of the plasma (cell) membrane?

Accepted Answer

Providing a rigid structure to support the cell

Question 20

A researcher is studying a disease that affects the Golgi body. Which cellular process is most likely to be disrupted?

Accepted Answer

Modification and sorting of proteins for secretion

Cell Structure and Nucleic Acids: Study Notes for General Biology

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