Question 1

Which of the following best explains why most antibiotics do not harm human cells?

Accepted Answer

Antibiotics target structures found only in bacterial cells, such as the cell wall, which human cells lack.

Question 2

A new drug is developed that binds specifically to the ribosomes of prokaryotic cells. What is the most likely effect of this drug?

Accepted Answer

It will inhibit protein synthesis in bacteria without affecting human cells.

Question 3

According to cell theory, which of the following statements is correct?

Accepted Answer

All living things are composed of cells, and all cells come from other cells.

Question 4

Which of the following is a key structural difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cells lack a membrane-bound nucleus, while eukaryotic cells have one.

Question 5

A scientist discovers a single-celled organism with a cell wall, no nucleus, and ribosomes. To which domain does this organism most likely belong?

Accepted Answer

Bacteria

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the structure of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

A phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins, forming a fluid mosaic.

Question 7

The hydrophobic tail of a phospholipid in the plasma membrane is best described as:

Accepted Answer

Nonpolar and repelled by water

Question 8

Which of the following statements about the extracellular matrix (ECM) in animal cells is correct?

Accepted Answer

The ECM helps hold cells together and coordinates their activities within tissues.

Question 9

A patient is given an antibiotic that targets peptidoglycan synthesis. Which type of cell will be most affected?

Accepted Answer

Bacterial cells

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why plant cells do not burst when placed in pure water, while animal cells do?

Accepted Answer

Plant cells have a rigid cell wall made of cellulose that prevents excessive water uptake.

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Presence of membrane-bound organelles

Question 12

If a mutation caused the hydrophilic heads of phospholipids to become hydrophobic, what would most likely happen to the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

The membrane would lose its ability to form a stable bilayer in water.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the 'fluid mosaic' model of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Proteins and phospholipids can move laterally within the layer, creating a flexible and dynamic structure.

Question 14

A researcher is studying a cell that contains mitochondria, a nucleus, and an endoplasmic reticulum. This cell is most likely:

Accepted Answer

A eukaryotic cell

Question 15

Which of the following is a function of the cell wall in plant cells?

Accepted Answer

Maintaining cell shape and preventing excessive water uptake

Question 16

Which of the following statements about the origin of cells is supported by cell theory?

Accepted Answer

All cells arise from pre-existing cells.

Question 17

A biologist observes a cell with a single circular DNA molecule, no membrane-bound organelles, and a cell wall. Which of the following best describes this cell?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cell

Question 18

Which of the following is a reason why researchers study the unique structures of bacterial cells?

Accepted Answer

To design new antibiotics that specifically target bacteria without harming human cells.

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why the plasma membrane is described as a 'mosaic'?

Accepted Answer

It contains a diversity of proteins embedded within the phospholipid bilayer.

Question 20

A cell is observed to have a plasma membrane, ribosomes, and a cell wall, but lacks a nucleus and mitochondria. Which of the following is most likely true about this cell?

Accepted Answer

It is a prokaryotic cell, such as a bacterium.

Cell Structure, Classification, and Membrane Biology: Study Notes

스터디 가이드 - 연습 문제

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