Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells contain their DNA in a nucleus, while prokaryotic cells have DNA in the cytoplasm.

Question 2

During the complete combustion of propane ($$\mathrm{C_3H_8}$$), which of the following is the correct balanced chemical equation?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C_3H_8 + 5O_2 \rightarrow 3CO_2 + 4H_2O}$$

Question 3

Which organelle is primarily responsible for synthesizing proteins that will be exported from the cell?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes bound to the endoplasmic reticulum

Question 4

A scientist wants to observe the detailed structure of mitochondria in a cell. Which type of microscopy should they use and why?

Accepted Answer

Electron microscopy, because it offers higher resolution and magnification than light microscopy.

Question 5

Which of the following statements about the Golgi apparatus is correct?

Accepted Answer

It modifies, sorts, and packages macromolecules received from the ER for transport elsewhere.

Question 6

Which equation correctly represents the change in free energy ($$\Delta G) of a $$system?

Accepted Answer

$$\Delta G = \Delta H - T\Delta S$$

Question 7

Which of the following is a function of lysosomes in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis of macromolecules and autophagy

Question 8

A mutation prevents the formation of the nuclear lamina in a cell. Which process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Structural support and organization of the nucleus

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why ATP is considered the 'energy currency' of the cell?

Accepted Answer

ATP couples energy release from exergonic reactions to power endergonic reactions.

Question 10

Which of the following statements about cellular respiration is true?

Accepted Answer

Oxidative phosphorylation produces the majority of ATP in cellular respiration.

Question 11

A plant cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. What will happen to its central vacuole?

Accepted Answer

It will swell as water enters the cell, contributing to turgor pressure.

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a function of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis of macromolecules

Question 13

Which property is present in plant cells but usually absent in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Central vacuole

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the role of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

It is a semipermeable barrier that regulates the movement of substances into and out of the cell.

Question 15

Which of the following statements about electron microscopy is correct?

Accepted Answer

It can achieve magnifications up to 10,000,000x and resolutions as fine as 0.2nm.

Question 16

Which process is responsible for the recycling of a cell's organic material?

Accepted Answer

Autophagy

Question 17

If a cell's ribosomes are inhibited, which process will be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct statement about the Calvin cycle in photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

It uses ATP and NADPH to produce sugars from carbon dioxide.

Question 19

Which of the following is true regarding the directionality of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

The cis face receives vesicles from the ER and the trans face releases vesicles for transport elsewhere.

Cell Structure, Function, and Basic Biochemistry: Study Notes for General Biology

스터디 가이드 - 연습 문제