Question 1

Which organelle is responsible for breaking down macromolecules into monomers using digestive enzymes, and what disease results from its malfunction?

Accepted Answer

Primary lysosomes; Tay-Sachs Disease

Question 2

What is the main function of peroxisomes in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Break down toxic substances, including hydrogen peroxide, using enzymes

Question 3

Which cytoskeletal component is primarily responsible for resisting tension and maintaining cell shape, and is considered tough and permanent?

Accepted Answer

Intermediate filaments

Question 4

Microtubules are assembled from which protein subunits, and how do they grow?

Accepted Answer

Alpha and beta tubulin; grow from the + end

Question 5

Which type of cell junction allows materials to pass directly between adjacent cells, facilitating communication?

Accepted Answer

Gap junctions

Question 6

According to the endosymbiosis theory, which organelle originated from a symbiotic relationship between ancestral eukaryotic cells and prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the role of dynein in cilia and flagella movement?

Accepted Answer

Dynein slides microtubules past each other, causing bending and movement

Question 8

Which cytoskeletal element is involved in cytoplasmic streaming and cell motility, and is composed of actin protein?

Accepted Answer

Microfilaments

Question 9

What is the primary function of the extracellular matrix in animal tissues?

Accepted Answer

Provides structural support and regulates materials passing through tissues

Question 10

Which cell junction acts as a 'rivet,' fastening cells into sheets and providing mechanical strength?

Accepted Answer

Desmosomes

Question 11

A patient with Tay-Sachs disease has a defect in which cellular process?

Accepted Answer

Lysosomal breakdown of macromolecules

Question 12

Which organelle is the site of most ATP production in eukaryotic cells, and what structural feature is essential for its function?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria; highly folded inner membrane (cristae)

Question 13

Which cytoskeletal structure is most directly involved in separating chromosomes during cell division?

Accepted Answer

Microtubules

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a function of the cytoskeleton?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis

Question 15

Which statement best describes the difference between tight junctions and desmosomes?

Accepted Answer

Tight junctions prevent leakage between cells; desmosomes provide mechanical strength

Question 16

Which cytoskeletal element is most important for the movement of vesicles within the cell?

Accepted Answer

Microtubules

Question 17

Which organelle is most likely to be abundant in liver cells due to its role in detoxification?

Accepted Answer

Peroxisomes

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why mitochondria have their own DNA and double membrane?

Accepted Answer

They evolved from ancient prokaryotes via endosymbiosis

Question 19

Which cytoskeletal component is most involved in muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Microfilaments (actin)

Question 20

Which of the following is a real-world consequence of defective microtubule function in human cells?

Accepted Answer

Impaired cilia movement leading to respiratory problems

Exam 2 Review

스터디 가이드 - 연습 문제