Q: During aerobic metabolism, mitochondria convert glucose into usable energy. Which equation best represents this process?

$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + 6\mathrm{O_2$} \rightarrow 6\mathrm{CO_2$} + 6\mathrm{H_2O} + \text{ATP}$$

Question 1

Which of the following statements best supports the endosymbiont theory for the origin of mitochondria in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria contain free ribosomes and circular DNA, similar to bacteria.

Question 2

A scientist is comparing the ribosomes of a bacterium and a human cell. Which of the following correctly describes a difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic ribosomes?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic ribosomes have a 50S large subunit and a 30S small subunit, while eukaryotic ribosomes have a 60S large subunit and a 40S small subunit.

Question 3

Which structure within the mitochondrion increases the surface area for metabolic reactions such as ATP synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Cristae

Question 4

During aerobic metabolism, mitochondria convert glucose into usable energy. Which equation best represents this process?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + 6\mathrm{O_2$} ightarrow 6\mathrm{CO_2$} + 6\mathrm{H_2O} + 	ext{ATP}$$

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a function of the endomembrane system in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

DNA replication

Question 6

A mutation causes a eukaryotic cell to lose its rough endoplasmic reticulum. Which process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of secreted proteins

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the role of phosphorylation in cellular energy conversion?

Accepted Answer

Phosphorylation is the addition of a phosphate group to ADP to form ATP.

Question 8

Which of the following organelles is most directly involved in the detoxification of poisons in liver cells?

Accepted Answer

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 9

A cell is observed to have circular DNA, free ribosomes, and a double membrane. Which organelle is most likely being described?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 10

Which of the following statements about the endosymbiont theory is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

It claims that mitochondria are found in all prokaryotic cells.

Question 11

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events according to the endosymbiont theory?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotes engulfed aerobic bacteria, which became mitochondria.

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why mitochondria have a highly folded inner membrane?

Accepted Answer

To maximize the surface area for metabolic reactions such as ATP synthesis.

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of the Golgi apparatus in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Modifying, sorting, and distributing materials around and out of the cell

Question 14

A cell is unable to transport newly synthesized proteins to the plasma membrane. Which organelle is most likely malfunctioning?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 15

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the nuclear envelope?

Accepted Answer

It is continuous with the endoplasmic reticulum.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the difference in rRNA composition between prokaryotic and eukaryotic ribosomes?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic ribosomes contain 16S rRNA in the small subunit, while eukaryotic ribosomes contain 18S rRNA in the small subunit.

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct description of the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

Accepted Answer

Detoxification of poisons and synthesis of lipids

Question 18

A cell is observed to have an abundance of rough endoplasmic reticulum. What is the most likely function of this cell?

Accepted Answer

Secretion of large amounts of protein

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why the endosymbiont theory was initially rejected by many journals?

Accepted Answer

It lacked molecular data to support the hypothesis at the time.

Cell Structure, Function, and Evolution: Key Concepts for General Biology

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