Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between free ribosomes and bound ribosomes in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Free ribosomes synthesize proteins that function within the cytosol, while bound ribosomes synthesize proteins destined for secretion or for use in membranes.

Question 2

A scientist observes a cell with a nucleus, mitochondria, and chloroplasts. Which of the following statements is most accurate about this cell?

Accepted Answer

It is a eukaryotic plant cell.

Question 3

Which of the following best explains why animal cells placed in a hypotonic solution will burst?

Accepted Answer

Water enters the cell by osmosis, causing the cell to swell and eventually lyse due to the lack of a cell wall.

Question 4

Which of the following arrangements correctly describes the structure of cilia and flagella in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

A '9+2' arrangement of microtubules: nine doublets surrounding two singlets.

Question 5

Which of the following substances can most easily cross the plasma membrane without the aid of transport proteins?

Accepted Answer

Small nonpolar molecules such as $$O_2$$ and $$CO_2$$

Question 6

A cell uses a sodium-potassium pump to maintain its internal environment. Which of the following best describes the action of this pump?

Accepted Answer

It moves 3 $$Na^+$$ ions out of the cell and 2 $$K^+$$ ions into the cell, using ATP.

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the effect of unsaturated fatty acids on the fluidity of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

They increase membrane fluidity by preventing tight packing of phospholipids.

Question 8

Which of the following is an example of an exergonic reaction in cellular metabolism?

Accepted Answer

The breakdown of glucose during cellular respiration.

Question 9

Which of the following statements about enzyme activity is correct?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes lower the activation energy ($$E_a) $$required for a reaction to proceed.

Question 10

A metabolic pathway is regulated by feedback inhibition. Which of the following best describes this process?

Accepted Answer

The end product of the pathway inhibits an enzyme that acts early in the pathway.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the Fluid Mosaic Model of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

A dynamic structure with proteins embedded in or attached to a fluid phospholipid bilayer.

Question 12

Which of the following is a function of tight junctions in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

They prevent the leakage of extracellular fluid between adjacent cells.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the difference between catabolic and anabolic pathways?

Accepted Answer

Catabolic pathways release energy by breaking down complex molecules; anabolic pathways consume energy to build complex molecules.

Question 14

Which of the following is an example of potential energy in a biological system?

Accepted Answer

The chemical bonds in a molecule of ATP.

Question 15

A patient is given an intravenous solution that is hypertonic relative to their red blood cells. What is the most likely outcome for the red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

They will lose water and shrink (crenate).

Question 16

Which of the following statements about the laws of thermodynamics is correct?

Accepted Answer

The first law states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes competitive inhibition of an enzyme?

Accepted Answer

A molecule similar to the substrate binds to the active site, blocking substrate binding.

Question 18

Which of the following is true about the effect of temperature on enzyme activity?

Accepted Answer

Enzyme activity increases with temperature up to an optimal point, then decreases as the enzyme denatures.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of ATP in cellular metabolism?

Accepted Answer

ATP provides energy by transferring a phosphate group to other molecules.

Question 20

A researcher adds a molecule to a solution containing an enzyme and its substrate. The enzyme's activity decreases, but the molecule does not bind to the active site. What type of inhibition is this?

Accepted Answer

Noncompetitive inhibition

Cell Structure, Membrane Function, and Metabolism: Study Guide for General Biology

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