Q: Which equation correctly represents the calculation of molarity ($$M) in a $$solution?

$$M = \frac{\text{moles of solute}}{\text{volume of solution in liters}}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the process of osmosis in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

The movement of water molecules from an area of low solute concentration to high solute concentration across a semipermeable membrane.

Question 2

A cell is placed in a solution with a higher concentration of solutes than the cell's cytoplasm. What will most likely happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

Water will leave the cell, causing it to shrink.

Question 3

Which equation correctly represents the calculation of molarity ($$M) in a $$solution?

Accepted Answer

$$M = \frac{	ext{moles of solute}}{	ext{volume of solution in liters}}$$

Question 4

Which of the following is a function of glycoproteins in the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

They serve as receptors for signaling molecules.

Question 5

A patient is given an intravenous solution that is hypotonic compared to their blood plasma. What is the most likely physiological effect?

Accepted Answer

Red blood cells will swell and may burst due to water influx.

Question 6

Which of the following best describes active transport across a cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Movement of molecules against their concentration gradient using energy from ATP.

Question 7

Which molecule is most likely to pass through a cell membrane by simple diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen ($$O_2)$$

Question 8

A scientist observes that a cell is actively secreting large quantities of proteins. Which process is most likely responsible for this secretion?

Accepted Answer

Exocytosis

Question 9

Which of the following is a correct statement about the sodium-potassium pump?

Accepted Answer

It moves $$Na^+$$ ions out of the cell and $$K^+$$ ions into the cell using ATP.

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why cell membranes are described as 'selectively permeable'?

Accepted Answer

They regulate the passage of certain molecules while restricting others.

Question 11

A cell is observed to have a high concentration of oxalic acid molecules inside compared to outside. Which transport process is most likely responsible for maintaining this gradient?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 12

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the concept of facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Glucose molecules moving into a cell through a specific carrier protein.

Question 13

Which formula correctly represents the calculation of the rate of diffusion ($$R) $$according to Fick's Law?

Accepted Answer

$$R = \frac{DA(\Delta C)}{d}$$

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a function of the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizing proteins for cellular use.

Question 15

A cell is exposed to a toxin that inhibits ATP production. Which transport process will be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the role of phospholipids in the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

They create a flexible bilayer that allows selective movement of molecules.

Question 17

Which process is responsible for the uptake of large particles, such as bacteria, by white blood cells?

Accepted Answer

Endocytosis (specifically phagocytosis)

Question 18

A researcher adds a dye to one side of a semipermeable membrane. Over time, the dye is detected on the other side. Which process is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Simple diffusion

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why ions such as $$Na^+$$ and $$K^+$$ cannot easily cross the lipid bilayer of the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

They are charged and require specific transport proteins to cross.

Question 20

Which of the following is a real-world example of osmosis affecting human health?

Accepted Answer

The swelling of red blood cells in hypotonic intravenous solutions.

Cell Structure, Membrane Transport, and Biomolecules: General Biology Study Notes

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