Question 1

Which of the following best describes the process of diffusion across a cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Movement of molecules from an area of greater concentration to an area of lower concentration, without requiring energy.

Question 2

A red blood cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. What is most likely to happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

Water will move into the cell, causing it to burst.

Question 3

Which type of molecule can most easily cross the phospholipid bilayer of a cell membrane by simple diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Small nonpolar molecules

Question 4

Facilitated diffusion differs from simple diffusion in that:

Accepted Answer

It uses channel or carrier proteins to move molecules down their concentration gradient.

Question 5

Which equation best represents the relationship between surface area and volume for a spherical cell?

Accepted Answer

$$SA = 4 \pi r^2$, V$$ = \frac{4}{3} \pi $$r^3$$

Question 6

Why are smaller organisms able to exchange gases and waste by diffusion more efficiently than larger organisms?

Accepted Answer

They have a higher surface area to volume ratio.

Question 7

Which statement about the plasma membrane is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

It acts as a selectively permeable barrier for all living cells.

Question 8

A cell is actively transporting sodium ions ($$Na^+) $$from a region of low concentration to a region of high concentration. Which process is being used?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 9

Which organelle is responsible for converting stored energy in glucose into directly usable energy (ATP) in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 10

Which of the following is a function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?

Accepted Answer

Detoxification of drugs and poisons

Question 11

Which statement about mitochondria is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

Their DNA is inherited from both parents.

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why antibiotics are often effective against bacteria but not against human cells?

Accepted Answer

Bacteria have different chemical compositions and lack membrane-bound organelles.

Question 13

Which of the following statements about cell walls is correct?

Accepted Answer

Cell walls regulate cell volume and prevent bursting in hypotonic environments.

Question 14

Which process is responsible for the movement of water across a cell membrane from an area of high water concentration to low water concentration?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a function of membrane proteins?

Accepted Answer

DNA replication

Question 16

Which statement about facilitated diffusion is correct?

Accepted Answer

It uses channel or carrier proteins to move molecules down their concentration gradient.

Question 17

Which of the following is a key difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus containing linear DNA.

Question 18

A plant cell is placed in pure water. What prevents it from bursting?

Accepted Answer

The cell wall

Question 19

Which organelle is primarily responsible for the breakdown of waste materials and harmful substances in the cell?

Accepted Answer

Lysosome

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the endosymbiosis theory for mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria originated from free-floating bacteria that were engulfed by ancestral eukaryotic cells.

Cell Structure, Membrane Transport, and Organelles: Study Notes for General Biology

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