Question 1

Which of the following best describes the process of diffusion across a cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Movement of molecules from an area of greater concentration to an area of lower concentration, without requiring energy.

Question 2

A red blood cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. What is the most likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

The cell will burst as water moves in.

Question 3

Which type of molecule can most easily diffuse through the phospholipid bilayer of a cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Small nonpolar molecules

Question 4

Facilitated diffusion differs from simple diffusion in that:

Accepted Answer

Facilitated diffusion uses membrane proteins to move molecules down their concentration gradient.

Question 5

Which equation best represents the relationship between surface area and volume for a spherical cell?

Accepted Answer

$$SA = 4 \pi r^2$, V$$ = \frac{4}{3} \pi $$r^3$$

Question 6

Why are smaller organisms able to exchange gases and waste by diffusion more efficiently than larger organisms?

Accepted Answer

They have a higher surface area to volume ratio.

Question 7

Which of the following statements about mitochondria is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria have their own DNA and ribosomes, and divide independently of the cell.

Question 8

A cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

Water will move out of the cell, causing it to shrink.

Question 9

Which organelle is responsible for detoxifying drugs and poisons in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a function of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Regulating cell volume

Question 11

Which statement best explains why antibiotics are often effective against bacteria but not against human cells?

Accepted Answer

Bacteria have different chemical compositions and lack many membrane-bound organelles.

Question 12

Which of the following is TRUE about the DNA in prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

It is circular and free-floating within the cell.

Question 13

Which organelle is primarily responsible for the manufacture of most proteins destined to leave the cell?

Accepted Answer

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the role of channel proteins in facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

They provide a continuous passage for passive diffusion down the electrochemical gradient.

Question 15

Which of the following is a key difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and compartmentalized organelles.

Question 16

A plant cell is placed in pure water. What prevents it from bursting?

Accepted Answer

The cell wall

Question 17

Which process requires energy input from ATP to move molecules against their concentration gradient?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 18

Which organelle is the site of cellular respiration in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 19

Which of the following statements about endosymbiosis is supported by evidence from mitochondria and chloroplasts?

Accepted Answer

They have prokaryotic ribosomes and circular DNA.

Question 20

Which of the following is a function of lysosomes in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Digestion of waste and harmful substances

Cell Structure, Membrane Transport, and Organelles: General Biology Study Notes

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