Question 1

Which of the following best explains why cells are limited in size by their surface area-to-volume ratio?

Accepted Answer

As a cell grows, its volume increases faster than its surface area, making it difficult for the cell to efficiently exchange materials with its environment.

Question 2

Which statement correctly describes a difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles, while prokaryotic cells do not.

Question 3

A scientist wants to observe the detailed structure of a mitochondrion. Which type of microscope should they use and why?

Accepted Answer

Electron microscope, because it provides higher resolution to view subcellular structures.

Question 4

Which organelle is primarily responsible for synthesizing proteins that are exported from the cell?

Accepted Answer

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 5

A mutation disrupts the function of microtubules in a cell. Which cellular process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Chromosome separation during cell division

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT part of the endomembrane system?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 7

A plant cell is able to communicate with adjacent cells by transferring small molecules directly through:

Accepted Answer

Plasmodesmata

Question 8

Which of the following correctly matches the organelle with its function?

Accepted Answer

Lysosome: Digestion of macromolecules

Question 9

Which cytoskeletal fiber is primarily responsible for maintaining cell shape and resisting tension?

Accepted Answer

Intermediate filaments

Question 10

If a cell's surface area is $$6 	imes 10$$^{-8}$$ 	ext{ cm}^2$$ and its volume is $$1 	imes 10$$^{-8}$$ 	ext{ cm}^3$$, what is its surface area-to-volume ratio?

Accepted Answer

$$6:1$$

Question 11

Which cell junction in animal cells prevents the leakage of extracellular fluid between neighboring cells?

Accepted Answer

Tight junctions

Question 12

A cell is observed to have a large central vacuole, chloroplasts, and a cell wall. What type of cell is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Plant cell

Question 13

Which of the following statements is part of the cell theory?

Accepted Answer

All living things are composed of cells.

Question 14

Which organelle modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for secretion or delivery to other organelles?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 15

A cell is observed under a microscope and found to lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. Which type of cell is this?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cell

Question 16

Which structure is found in both plant and animal cells and is involved in energy production?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of lipids and detoxification of drugs

Question 18

A researcher is studying the movement of vesicles within a cell. Which cytoskeletal component is most directly involved in this process?

Accepted Answer

Microtubules

Question 19

Which organelle contains its own DNA and is thought to have originated from an ancestral symbiotic relationship?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 20

A cell is exposed to a toxin that disrupts the function of actin filaments. Which process would be most affected?

Accepted Answer

Cell movement and muscle contraction

Cells and Membranes: Structure, Function, and Organization

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